Epilithic diatom distribution as a potential bioindicator of nutrient enrichment in naturally acidic, low-order tropical creeks
Distribuição de diatomáceas epilíticas como bioindicadoras do enriquecimento nutricional em riacho tropical naturalmente ácido e de baixa ordem
João Cláudio Cerqueira Viana; Fernando Ribeiro de Oliveira; Angélica Yohana Cardozo-Vargas; Eduardo Mendes da Silva; Doriedson Ferreira Gomes
Abstract
Keywords
Resumo
Palavras-chave
Referências
American Public Health Association – APHA, 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: APHA.
Bahls, L., 2013.
Battarbee, R.W., 1986. Diatom analysis. In: Berglund, B.E., ed. Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. Chichester: Wiley, 527-570.
Battarbee, R.W., Jones, V.J., Flower, R.J., Cameron, N.G., Bennion, H., Carvalho, L., & Juggens, S., 2001. Diatoms. In: Smol, J.P., Birks, H.J.B., & Last, W.M., eds. Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, 3 - Terrestrial, algal, and siliceous indicators. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 155-202.
Blanco, S., Pla-Rabès, S., Wetzel, C., & Granados, I., 2017. A new
Caglar, M., Pala, G., & Selamoglu, Z., 2017. Study on epilithic diatoms in the Balikli Tohma Creek (Darende/Malatya in Turkey). Iran. J. Fish. Sci. 16(2), 858-868. Retrieved in 2019, April 1, from
Cleve-Euler, A., 1955. Die diatomeen von schwenden und finnland. Svenka Kungl: Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar.
Costa, L., Wetzel, C., Lange-Bertalot, H., Ector, L., & Bicudo, D., 2017. Taxonomy and ecology of
Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais – CPRM, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, 1994. Informações básicas para a gestão territorial: diagnóstico do meio físico e da vegetação. Salvador: CPRM/IBAMA.
Cosgrove, J., Walker, D., Morrison, P., & Hillman, K., 2004. Periphyton indicates and effects of wastewater discharge in the near-coastal zone, Perth Western Australia. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 61(2), 331-338.
Dam, H.V., Mertens, A., & Sinkeldam, J., 1994. A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from the Netherlands. Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol. 23(1), 117-133.
Dela-Cruz, J., Printchard, T., Gordon, G., & Ajani, P., 2006. The use of periphytic diatoms as a means of assessing impacts of point source inorganic nutrient pollution in south-eastern Austrália. Freshw. Biol., 51(5), 951-972.
Dodds, W.K., 2006. Eutrophication and trophic state in rivers and streams. Limnol. Oceanogr., 51(1 part 2), 71-680.
Duong, T.T., Feurtet-Mazel, A., Coste, M., Dang, D.K., & Boudou, A., 2007. Dynamics of diatom colonization process in some rivers influenced by urban pollution (Hanoi, Vietnam). Ecol. Indic., 7(4), 839-851.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisas Agropecuárias – Embrapa, 1979. Manual de métodos de análises de solo. Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa.
European Committee for Standardization – ECS, 2003. Water quality-guidance standard for the routine sampling and pretreatment of benthic diatoms for rivers, EN 13946. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.
Germain, H., 1981. Flore des diatomées: eaux douce et saumâtres. Paris: Societé Nouvelle Dês Éditions Boubée.
Giulietti, A.M., Harley, R.M., & Queiroz, L.P., 1996. Vegetação e flora da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. In: Harley, R. M., ed. Anais da 4a Reunião Especial da SBPC. Feira de Santana: Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 144-155.
Giulietti, A.M., Pirani, J.R., & Harley, R.M., 1997. Espinhaço range region–eastern Brazil. In: Davis, S.D., Heywood, V.H., Herrera-Macbrydy, O., Villa-Lobos, J., & Hamilton, A.C., eds. Centers of plant diversity – A guide and strategy for their conservation. Cambridge: World Wide Fund for Nature/ World Conservation Union, 397- 404.
Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K., & Ehrhardt, M., 1999. Methods of seawater analysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 3 ed.
Harley, R.M., 1995. Introduction. In: Stannard, B.L., ed. Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina - Bahia, Brazil. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 5-43.
Heinrich, C.G., Leal, V.L., Marilia, S., Düpont, A., & Lobo, E.A., 2014. Epilithic diatoms in headwater areas of the hydrographical subbasin of the Andreas Stream, RS, Brazil, and their relation with eutrophication processes. Acta Limnol. Bras., 26(4), 347-355.
Hendey, N.I., 1964. An introductory account of the smaller algae of british coastal waters, Part.V – Bacillariophyta. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
Hermany, G., Schwarzbold, A., Lobo, E.A., & Oliveira, M.A., 2006. Ecology of the epilithic diatom community in a low-order stream system of the Guaíba hydrographical region: subsidies to the environmental monitoring of southern Brazilian aquatic systems. Acta Limnol. Bras., 18(1), 9-27.
Huber-Pestalozzi, G., 1942. Das phytoplankton des süsswassers: systematik und biologie. In: Thienemann, A., ed. Die Binnengewässer. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart'sche.
Hürlimann J., Niederhauser P., 2007. Méthodes d’analyse et d’appréciation des cours d’eau. Berne: Office Fédéral de L’Environnement, 132 p., État de L’Environnement, no. 0740.
Hustedt, F., 1930. Die Kieselalgen. In: Rabenhorst, L., ed. Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschlander, Osterreich und der Schweitz. London: Johnson Reprint Corp.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE, 2020. Retrieved in 2020, January 3, from
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia – INMET, 2025. Informações meteorológicas. Brasília, DF: INMET. Retrieved in 2025, August 26, from
Jakovljević, O.S., Popović, S.S., Vidaković, D.P., Stojanović, K.Z., & Krizmanić, J.Ž., 2016. The application of benthic diatoms in water quality assessment (Mlava River, Serbia). Acta Bot. Croat., 75(2), 199-205. https://doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0032.
Jesus, E.F.R., Falk, F.H., Ribeiro, L.P., & Marques, T.M., 1985. Caracterização geográfica e aspectos geológicos da Chapada Diamantina – Bahia. Salvador, BA: Centro Editorial e Didático da UFBA, 52 p.
Kassambara, A., & Mundt, F., 2017. factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses. R package version 1.0.5. Retrieved in 2025, August 26, from
Kelly, M.G., Cazaubon, A., Coring, E., Dell’uomo, A., Ector, L., Goldsmith, B., Guasch, H., Hürlimann, J., Jarlman, A., Kawecka, B., Kwandrans, J., Laugaste, R., Lindstrom, E.A., Leitão, M., Marvan, P., Padisák, J., Pipp, E., Prygiel, J., Rott, E., Sabater, S., Van Dam, H., & Vizinet, J., 1998. Recommendations for the routine sampling of diatoms for water quality assessments in Europe. J. Appl. Phycol., 10(2), 215-224.
Koroleff, F. 1976. Determination of nutrients. In Grasshoff, K., ed. Methods of seawater analysis. New York: Verlag Chemie Weinheim, 117-181.
Krammer, J., & Lange-Bertalot, H., 1986. Bacillariophyceae, Naviculaceae, Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In: Etil, H., Gerloff, I., Heynig, H., & Mollenhauer, D., eds. Süsswasserflora von Mittleeuropa. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
Krammer, J., & Lange-Bertalot, H., 1988. Bacillariophyceae, Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In: Etil, H., Gerloff, I., Heynig, H., & Mollenhauer, D., eds. Süsswasserflora von Mittleeuropa. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
Krammer, J., & Lange-Bertalot, H., 1991. Bacillariophyceae, Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In: Etil, H., Gerloff, I., Heynig, H., & Mollenhauer, D., eds. Süsswasserflora von Mittleeuropa. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
Kivrak, E., & Uygun, A., 2012. The structure and diversity of the epipelic diatom community in a heavily polluted stream (the Akarçay, Turkey) and their relationship with environmental variables. J. Freshwat. Ecol., 27(3), 443-457.
Kociolek, P., & Graeff, C., 2011.
Le, S., Josse, J., & Husson, F., 2008. FactoMineR: An R package for multivariate analysis. J. Stat. Softw., 25(1), 1-18. PMid:19777145.
Legendre, P., & Legendre, L., 1998. Numerical ecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2nd ed.
Leira, M., López-Rodríguez, M., & Carballeira, R., 2017. Epilithic diatoms (
Lobo, E.A., Callegaro, V.L.M., & Bender, P., 2002. Utilização de algas diatomáceas epilíticas como indicadoras da qualidade da água em rios e arroios da região hidrográfica do Guaíba, RS, Brasil. Santa Cruz do Sul: Edunisc.
Lobo, E.A., Bes, D., Tudesque, L., & Ector, L., 2004a. Water quality assessment of Pardinho River, RS, Brazil, using epilithic diatom communitys and faecal coliforms as biological indicators. Vie Milieu 54(2/3), 115-126.
Lobo, E.A., Callegaro, V.L.M., Hermany, G., Bes, D., Wetzel, C.A., & Oliveira, M.A., 2004b. Use of epilithic diatoms as bioindicators from lotic systems in southern Brazil, with special emphasis on eutrophication. Acta Limnol. Bras., 16(1), 25-40.
Lobo, E.A., & Leighton, G., 1986. Estructuras comunitarias de las fitocenosis planctonicas de los sistemas de desembocaduras de rios y esteros de la zona central de Chile. Rev. Biol. Mar., 22(1), 1-29.
Lobo, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Ector, L., Katoh, K., Blanco, S., & Mayama, S., 2010. Response of epilithic diatom communities to environmental gradients in subtropical temperate Brazilian rivers. Limnetica 29(2), 323-340.
Lobo, E.A., Schuch, M., Heinrich, C.G., da Costa, A.B., Düpont, A., Wetzel, C.E., & Ector, L., 2015. Development of the Trophic Water Quality Index (TWQI) for subtropical temperate Brazilian lotic systems. Environ. Monit. Assess., 187(6), 354. PMid:25971521.
Lobo, E.A., Heinrich, C.G., Schuch, M., Wetzel, C.E., & Ector, L., 2016. Diatoms as Bioindicators in Rivers. In: Necchi, J.R.O., ed. River algae. Cham: Springer.
Lobo, M.T.M.P.S., Scalize, P.S., Kraus, C.N., da Silva, W.J., Garnier, J., da Motta Marques, D., Bonnet, M.P., & de Souza Nogueira, I., 2020. Biological index based on epiphytic diatom assemblages is more restrictive than the physicochemical index in water assessment on an Amazon floodplain, Brazil. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 27(10), 10642-10657. PMid:31939021.
Mann, D.G., McDonald, S.M., Bayer, M.M., Droop, S.J.M., Chepurnov, V.A., Loke, R.E., Ciobanu, A., & du Buf, J.M.H., 2004. The
Mertens, A., van der Wal, J., Verweij, G., Pex, B., van Dulmen, A., & van Dam, H., 2025. A revised list of diatom ecological indicator values in The Netherlands. Ecol. Indic., 172, 113219.
Mbao, E.O., Gao, J., Wang, Y., Sitoki, L., Pan, Y., & Wang, B., 2020. Sensitivity and reliability of diatom metrics and guilds in detecting the impact of urbanization on streams. Ecol. Indic., 113, 106506.
Metzeltin, D., Lange-Bertalot, H., & García-Rodríguez, F., 2005. Diatoms of Uruguay compared with other taxa from South America and elsewhere. In: Lange-Bertalot, H., ed. Iconographia diatomologica taxonomy. Ruggell, Liechtenstein: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Annotated Diatom Micrographs, vol. 15.
Metzeltin, D., & Lange-Bertalot, H., 1998. Tropical diatoms of South America. In: Lange-Bertalot, H., ed. Iconographia Diatomologica. Konigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, Diversity, Taxonomy, Geobotany, vol. 5.
Metzeltin, D., & Lange-Bertalot, H., 2007. Tropical Diatoms of South America II. In: Lange-Bertalot, H., ed. Iconographia diatomologica - Annotated diatom micrographs. Ruggell, Liechtenstein: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Taxonomy-Biogeography-Diversity, vol. 18.
Miltner, R.J., & Rankin, E.T., 1998. Primary nutrients and the biotic integrity of rivers and streams. Freshw. Biol., 40(1), 145-158.
Moravcová, A., Rauch, O., Lukavský, J., & Nedbalová, L., 2013. The response of epilithic diatom assemblages to sewage pollution in mountain streams of the Czech Republic. Plant Ecol. Evol., 146(2), 153-166.
Moro, R.S., & Furstenberger, C.B., 1997. Catálogo dos principais parâmetros ecológicos de diatomáceas não-marinhas. Ponta Grossa: Editora UEPG.
Ndiritu, G.G., Gichuki, N.N., & Triest, L., 2006. Distribution of epilithic diatoms in response to environmental conditions in an urban tropical stream, Central Kenya. Biodivers. Conserv., 15(10), 3267-3293.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin, P.R., O’Hara, R.B., Simpson, G.L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H., Szoecs, E., & Wagner, H., 2019. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-4. Retrieved in 2025, August 26, from
Oliveira, M.A., Torgan, I.C., Lobo, E.A., & Scharzbold, A., 2001. Association of periphytic diatom species of artificial substrate in lotic environments in Arroio Sampaio basin, RS, Brazil: relationships with abiotic variables. Braz. J. Biol., 61(4), 523-540. PMid:12071309.
Ortiz-Lerín, R., & Cambra, J., 2007. Distribution and taxonomy notes of
Pandey, L.K., Lavoie, I., Morin, S., Park, J., Lyu, J., Choi, S., Lee, H., & Han, T., 2018. River water quality assessment based on a multi-descriptor approach including chemistry, diatom assemblage structure, and non-taxonomical diatom metrics. Ecol. Indic., 84, 140-151.
Patrick, R., & Reimer, C.W., 1975. The diatoms of United States, 23. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences.
Pierella Karlusich, J.J., Cosnier, K., Zinger, L., Henry, N., Nef, C., Bernard, G., Scalco, E., Dvorak, E., Acinas, S.G., Babin, M., Bork, P., Boss, E., Bowler, C., Cochrane, G., de Vargas, C., Gorsky, G., Grimsley, N., Guidi, L., Iudicone, D., Jaillon, O., Kandels, S., Karp-Boss, L., Karsenti, E., Not, F., Ogata, H., Pesant, S., Poulton, N., Sardet, C., Speich, S., Stemmann, L., Sullivan, M.B., Sunagawa, S., Wincker, P., Rocha Jimenez Vieira, F., Delage, E., Chaffron, S., Ovchinnikov, S., Zingone, A., & Bowler, C., 2025. Patterns and drivers of diatom diversity and abundance in the global ocean. Nat. Commun., 16(1), 3452. PMid:40216740.
Potapova, M., 2010a.
Potapova, M., 2010b.
R Core Team 2019. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved in 2019, April 1, from
Raschke, R.L., 1993. Diatom (Bacillariophyta) community response to phosphorus in the Everglades National Park, USA. Phycologia 32(1), 48-58.
Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M., & Mann, D.G., 1990. The diatoms: biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rumrich, U., Lange-Bertalot, H., & Rumrich, M., 2000. Diatoms of the Andes. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.
Salomoni, S.E., Rocha, O., Callegaro, V.L., & Lobo, E.A., 2006. Ephilithic diatoms as indicators of water quality in the Gravataí River. Hydrobiologia 559, 233-246.
Salomoni, S.E., Rocha, O., & Torgan, L.C., 2017. Seasonal and spatial variation of the epilithic diatoms: case study of an organic pollution gradient in a subtropical region of southern Brazil. Acta Limnol. Bras., 29(0), e1.
Schmidt, A., 1874. Atlas der diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig: O.R. Reisland.
Schmidt, A., 1959. Atlas der diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig: O.R. Reisland.
Schwarzenbach, R.P., Escher, B.I., Fenner, K., Hofstetter, T.B., Johnson, C.A., von Gunten, U., & Wehrli, B., 2006. The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems. Science 313(5790), 1072-1077. PMid:16931750.
Silva-Lehmkuhl, A.M., Blanco, S., & Bicudo, D.C., 2022. A new Trophic Diatom Index for Tropical Reservoirs (TDIR). Hydrobiologia 849(21), 4651-4666.
Solak, C., Barinova, S., Ács, É., & Dayıoğlu, H., 2012. Diversity and ecology of diatoms from Felent creek (Sakarya river basin), Turkey. Turk. J. Bot., 36, 191-203.
Spaulding, S.A., Potapova, M.G., Bishop, I.W., Lee, S.S., Gasperak, T.S., Jovanoska, E., Furey, P.C., & Edlund, M.B., 2021. Diatoms.org: supporting taxonomists, connecting communities. Diatom Res., 36(4), 291-304. PMid:35958044.
Vyverman, W., Verleyen, E., Sabbe, K., Vanhoutte, K., Sterken, M., Hodgson, D.A., Mann, D.G., Juggins, S., Van de Vijver, B., Jones, V., Flower, R., Roberts, D., Chepurnov, V.A., Kilroy, C., Vanormelingen, P., & De Wever, A., 2007. Historical processes constrain patterns in global diatom diversity. Ecology 88(8), 1924-1931. PMid:17824422.
Watanabe, T., Lima, M.A.M., Machado, V.M.N., & Paz, R.J., 1990. Caracterização limnológica do rio Gramame, João Pessoa (PB), Brasil: variáveis ambientais. Acta Limnol. Bras., 3, 363-389.
Whittier, T.R., Stoddard, J.L., Larsen, D.P., & Herlihy, A.T., 2007. Selecting reference sites for stream biological assessments: best professional judgment or objective criteria. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 26(2), 349-360.
Winter, J.G., & Duthie, H.C., 2000. Epilithic diatoms as indicators of stream total N and total P concentration. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 19(1), 32-49.
Wojtal, A., 2004. New or rare species of the genera ‘
Wojtal, A., 2009.
Submetido em:
29/05/2024
Aceito em:
13/04/2026
Publicado em:
15/07/2026
