Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X10323
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Ecophysiological investigation of the cyanobacteria Anabaenopsis elenkinii and Limnospira platensis: predominant species in saline/alkaline lakes of the Pantanal Wetland

Investigações ecofisiológicas das cianobactérias Anabaenopsis elenkinii e Limnospira platensis: espécies predominantes em lagoas salinas/alcalinas do Pantanal

Kleber Renan de Souza Santos; Guilherme Scotta Hentschke; Arnaldo Yoso Sakamoto; Luciana Retz de Carvalho; Célia Leite Sant’Anna

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X10323 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.36, e22, 2024
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Abstract

Aim: In this study, we investigated the distribution of Anabaenopsis elenkinii and Limnospira platensis in the saline-alkaline lakes of Nhecolândia (Pantanal wetland) and evaluated the impact of pH, temperature, and nitrogen on their growth and development to understand their ecological responses, showing insights into their ecophysiology in both cultured and natural environments.

Methods: Both species were collected in the subsurface, using a plastic bottle (200 mL) and the parameters temperature, conductivity, and pH were measured in situ. From these samples, the strains A. elenkinii CCIBt1059 and L. platensis CCIBt3335 were isolated and underwent six different cultivation treatments, in triplicate, during 30 days, with daily cell count, photoperiod of 12-12 hours of light-dark, and light intensity between 80-100 µmol photons m-2.s-1, using BG-11 modified medium, as follows: nitrate concentration experiments were performed with a 750 mg.L-1 NaNO3 (50%) and a nitrogen-free condition (0%) (T1 vs T2); temperature experiments were performed with 30 °C and 35 °C (T3 vs T4); pH experiments with 10.5 and 7.0 (T5 vs T6). The adopted control conditions were BG-11m medium (3% NaNO3, 45 mg.L-1), pH adjusted to 9.5, and temperature set at 25 °C.

Results: We have found that the treatment with the highest nitrogen availability (T1), pH of 9.5, and a temperature of 25 °C, provides the most favorable conditions for the growth of both studied species. In nature, A. elenkinii occurred predominantly between pH 9.04 to 10.4 (average 9.8) and L. platensis at pH 9.22 to 10.23 (mean 9.9), highlighting the alkaliphilic nature of these species. Furthermore, we observed that temperature influences the frequency of heterocyte formation in A. elenkinii. At elevated temperatures (30 and 35 °C), the frequency of heterocytes was higher compared to 25 °C during the exponential growth phase, indicating that increased heterocyte formation is a strategy in response to temperature stress.

Conclusions: This research provides valuable insights into the ecological aspects and optimization of the cultivation of the two species studied, which hold ecological significance to saline lakes. Further studies are recommended to explore their potential biotechnological applications.

Keywords

cyanobacterial physiology, cyanobacterial growth, heterocyte formation, nitrogen availability, tropical environment

Resumo

Objetivo: Neste estudo, investigamos a distribuição de Anabaenopsis elenkinii e Limnospira platensis nas lagoas salino-alcalinas do Pantanal da Nhecolândia e avaliamos o impacto do pH, temperatura e nitrogênio no crescimento e desenvolvimento dessas espécies para entender suas respostas ecológicas, mostrando insights em sua ecofisiologia em ambientes cultivados e naturais.

Métodos: Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em garrafas plástica (200 mL) e os parâmetros temperatura, condutividade e pH foram medidos in situ. A partir dessas amostras, as cepas A. elenkinii CCIBt1059 e L. platensis CCIBt3335 foram isoladas e submetidas a seis diferentes tratamentos de cultivo, em triplica, durante 30 dias, com contagem de células diárias, fotoperíodo 12-12 horas de claro-escuro e intensidade luminosa 80-100 µmol fótons m-2.s-1, utilizando meio BG-11 modificado, a saber: experimentos de concentração de nitrato foram realizados com NaNO3 750 mg.L-1 (50%) e uma condição livre de nitrogênio (0%) (T1 vs T2); experimentos de temperatura foram realizados com 30 °C e 35 °C (T3 vs T4); e experimentos de pH com 10,5 e 7,0 (T5 vs T6). As condições de controle adotadas foram meio BG-11m (3% NaNO3, 45 mg.L-1), pH ajustado para 9,5 e temperatura regulada para 25 °C.

Resultados: Descobrimos que o tratamento com maior disponibilidade de nitrogênio (T1), pH 9,5, temperatura 25 °C, proporciona as condições mais favoráveis para o crescimento de ambas as espécies estudadas. Na natureza, A. elenkinii ocorreu predominantemente entre pH 9,04 a 10,4 (média 9,8) e L. platensis em pH 9,22 a 10,23 (média 9,9), ressaltando a natureza alcalifílica dessas espécies. Além disso, observamos que a temperatura influencia a frequência de formação de heterócitos em A. elenkinii. Em temperaturas elevadas (30 e 35 °C), a frequência de heterócitos foi maior em comparação com 25 °C durante a fase de crescimento exponencial, indicando que o aumento da formação de heterócitos é uma estratégia em resposta ao estresse térmico.

Conclusões: Esta pesquisa fornece informações valiosas sobre os aspectos ecológicos e otimização do cultivo das duas espécies estudadas, que possuem importância ecológica para as lagoas salinas. Mais estudos são recomendados para explorar suas potenciais aplicações biotecnológicas.

Palavras-chave

fisiologia de cianobactérias, crescimento cianobacteriano, formação de heterócitos, disponibilidade de nitrogênio, ambiente tropical

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Submitted date:
11/29/2023

Accepted date:
05/13/2024

Publication date:
07/22/2024

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