Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X9020
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Sediment phosphorus fractionation and flux in a tropical shallow lake

Fracionamento e fluxo de fósforo em um lago raso tropical

Jéssica Papera; Fabiana Araújo; Vanessa Becker

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Abstract

Abstract: : Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential phosphorus (P) release from the sediment to the water column of a tropical shallow lake in the northeast of Brazil, based on the sediment P fractions and on the flux of P between water and sediment.

Methods: We used a sequential extraction method to analyse the different P fractions of the sediment of Lake Extremoz. We also carried out a 40-day microcosm experiment to analyse the flux of P between water and sediment. We did so by flooding 200g of sediment from the lake with 800 mL of 1.2 µm filtered lake water in 1 L beakers. Every 5 days we analysed: soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (Org-P), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and pH of the water.

Results: The largest fraction of P in the sediment of Lake Extremoz is Refractory-P, which is non-mobile. The main mobile fraction of this lake’s sediment is composed of P bound to Fe and Mn oxides (BD-P) which is redox sensitive. During the P flux experiment, the water was always oxic and with nearly neutral pH, however the temperature increased by almost 4 °C due to the increase of the temperature of the air. SRP, TP and Org-P concentrations in the water had a general decrease in the first 20 days. But, on the second half of the experiment, those concentrations increased and the fluxes of P from sediment to water, mainly Org-P, were positive. Even with this increase in concentrations, indicating a period of P release, overall fluxes were negative.

Conclusions: The main mobile fraction of the sediment is redox sensitive, therefore it has the potential to be released in case of oxygen depletion. Under current conditions, most of the P released by the sediment is in organic forms, indicating that, in the presence of oxygen, the balance of P between water and sediment is controlled by the effects of organisms on P as well as temperature.

Keywords

internal loading, oxic conditions, mobile phosphorus, Lake Extremoz

Resumo

Resumo:: Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o potencial de liberação de fósforo (P) do sedimento para a coluna d’água de um lago raso tropical no nordeste do Brasil, com base nas frações de P do sedimento e no fluxo de P entre água e sedimento.

Métodos: Nós empregamos um método de extração sequencial a fim de analisar as diferentes frações de P do sedimento da Lagoa de Extremoz. Também realizamos um experimento de 40 dias para analisar os fluxos de P entre água e sedimento. Nós alagamos 200 g de sedimento da lagoa com 800 mL água da lagoa filtrada em 1.2 µm. A cada 5 dias, nós medimos fósforo reativo solúvel (SRP), fósforo total (TP), fósforo orgânico (Org-P), oxigênio dissolvido (DO), temperatura, e pH da água.

Resultados: A principal fração de fósforo no sedimento da lagoa de Extremoz é P-Refratário, que é considerada não-móvel. A principal fração móvel é composta por P ligado a óxidos de Fe e Mn (BD-P), a qual é sensível a condições redox. Durante todo o experimento de fluxos, as condições nos microcosmos foram óxicas e o pH se manteve próximo a valores neutros. No entanto, a temperatura da água aumentou cerca de 4 °C devido ao aumento da temperatura atmosférica. As concentrações de SRP, TP e Org-P diminuíram nos primeiros 20 dias. Porém, as concentrações de P aumentaram na segunda metade do experimento e houve fluxos positivos, principalmente de Org-P. Apesar desse aumento nas concentrações, os fluxos globais foram negativos.

Conclusões: A principal fração móvel do sedimento é sensível a condições redox, portanto ela tem potencial para ser liberada em caso de anoxia. Nas condições atuais, a maior parte do P liberado pelo sedimento foi orgânica, indicando que, na presença de oxigênio, essa liberação é controlada pelos efeitos da ação de organismos bem como da temperatura.
 

Palavras-chave

fertilização interna, condições óxicas, mobilidade de fósforo, Lagoa de Extremoz

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Submitted date:
23/09/2020

Accepted date:
01/03/2021

Publication date:
11/05/2021

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