Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X6520
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Short Research Note

Marine free-living nematodes in semiarid inland waters

Nematoda marinho de vida livre em águas continentais no semiárido

Fábio Lucas de Oliveira Barros; Maria Cristina da Silva; Francisco José Victor de Castro; Miodeli Nogueira Júnior

Downloads: 0
Views: 1087

Abstract

Abstract:: Aim: This study reports the occurrence of five Nematoda genera previously considered as exclusively marine in inland waters.

Methods: Sediment samples were taken, weekly, during nine weeks, at a small spring at the Horto Florestal Olho D’Água da Bica, Cuité, PB, ca. 130 km away from the shoreline, between March and May 2016 and fixed in 4% formalin. Nematodes were sorted by manual elutriation through sieves with 0.5 and 0.045 mm and slides were prepared.

Results: The sediment was classified as coarse sand, with organic matter content ranging between 2.73 and 13.32%, temperature between 27-28°C and constant salinity of 6. From 315 nematodes were sampled among which 18 were from five genera previously thought to be exclusively marine were found. Bolbolaimus was the most common, found in 11.1% of the samples, followed by Gomphionema (3.7%), Rynchonema (7.4%), Prorynchonema (7.4%) e Sabatieria (3.7%), representing 5.7% from total of nematofauna. These genera are widely distributed worldwide, but had never been recorded from inland environments.

Conclusions: This study contributes with the distributional knowledge of free-living nematodes. From literature data, these genera are not restricted by low salinity, and can be found in estuarine and/or brackish water environments and body water with direct connection to the sea. In any case, the presence of marine genera in this region which is >130 km away from the nearest shoreline is noteworthy, highlighting the importance of studying nematodes from these poorly known semiarid water bodies. These new occurrences raise questionings about the dispersal mechanisms that certified the colonization of these nematodes in the semiarid.

Keywords

meiofauna, nematofauna, distribution, taxonomy and ecology

Resumo

Resumo:: Objetivo: Esse trabalho relata a ocorrência de gêneros de Nematoda, que eram previamente considerados restritos a ambientes marinhos, em águas continentais.

Métodos: Amostras de sedimentos foram coletadas semanalmente, durante nove semanas, entre março e maio de 2016 no Horto Florestal Olho D’Água da Bica, Cuité, PB, cerca de 130 km da região costeira mais próxima e fixados em formol 4%. Os Nematoda foram separados por elutriação manual através de peneira de malha de 0,5 e 0,045 mm e lâminas foram confeccionadas.

Resultados: O sedimento foi classificado como areia grossa, com teor de matéria orgânica variando entre 2,73 e 13,32%, temperatura entre 27-28°C e salinidade constante de 6. Dentre 315 nematoides coletados, 18 são de cinco gêneros marinhos. Bolbolaimus foi o mais frequente, presente em 11,1% das amostras, seguido de Gomphionema (3,7%), Rynchonema (7,4%), Prorynchonema (7,4%) e Sabatieria (3,7%), representando 5,7% do total da nematofauna. Esses gêneros têm ampla distribuição no mundo, mas não possuem registros prévios em ambientes continentais, sendo a primeira ocorrência nesse estudo.

Conclusões: Este trabalho contribui com o conhecimento da distribuição de Nematoda de vida livre. De acordo com os dados de literatura, esses gêneros não possuem restrições a baixas salinidades, sendo encontrados em regiões estuarinas e/ou águas salobras e também em corpos de água doce com conexão direta com o mar. Ainda assim, é notável a presença de gêneros marinhos há ~130 km de distância da costa, enfatizando a importância de estudos em diferentes corpos d’água no semiárido, permitindo questionar sobre quais mecanismos de dispersão permitiram esses indivíduos colonizar essa região.
 

Palavras-chave

meiofauna, nematofauna, distribuição, taxonomia e ecologia

References

ABEBE, E., DECRAEMER, W. and DE LEY, P. Global diversity of nematodes (Nematoda) in freshwater. Hidrobiologia, 2008, 595(1), 67-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9005-5.

ADÃO, H., ALVES, A.S., PATRÍCIO, J., NETO, J.M., COSTA, M.J. and MARQUES, J.C. Spatial distribution of subtidal Nematoda communities along the salinity gradient in southern European estuaries. Acta Oecologica, 2009, 35(2), 287-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2008.11.007.

ANSARI, K.G.M.T., LYLA, P.S. and AJMAL KHAN, S. New records of free-living marine nematodes (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Indian waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 2012, 54(2), 5-11.

BARROS, F.L.O., SILVA, M.C., VIEIRA, A.A. and CASTRO, F.J.V. Freshwater nematofauna (Nematoda) in a semi-arid region. Revista Nordestina de Zoologia, 2020, 12(2), 1-14.

BEZERRA, T.N., DECRAEMER, W., EISENDLE-FLÖCKNER, U., HODDA, M., HOLOVACHOV, O., LEDUC, D., MILJUTIN, D., MOKIEVSKY, V., PEÑA SANTIAGO, R., SHARMA, J., SMOL, N., TCHESUNOV, A., VENEKEY, V., ZHAO, Z. and VANREUSEL, A. Nemys: World Database of Nematodes [online]. 2020 [viewed 28 May 2020]. Available from: http://nemys.ugent.be

BEZERRA, T.N., PAPE, E., HAUQUIER, F. and INGELS, J. New genus and two new species of the family Ethmolaimidae (Nematoda: Chromadorida), found in two different cold-seep. Zootaxa, 2013, 3692(1), 7-27.

BEZERRA, T.N., SMOL, N. and VINCX, M. Two new species of Rhynchonema Cobb, 1920 from a Brazilian sandy beach. Marine Biodiversity, 2014, 44(3), 343-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-014-0223-6.

BHADURY, P., AUSTEN, M.C., BILTON, D.T., LAMBSHEAD, P.D., ROGERS, A.D. and SMERDON, G.R. Development and evaluation of a DNA-barcoding approach for the rapid identification of nematodes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2006, 320, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps320001.

BLAXTER, M. Nematodes: the worm and its relatives. PLoS Biology, 2011, 9(4), 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001050.

BONGERS, T. and BONGERS, M. Functional diversity of nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology, 1998, 10(3), 239-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00123-1.

BOTELHO, A.P., DA SILVA, M.C., ESTEVES, A.M. and FONSÊCA-GENEVOIS, V. Four new species of Sabatieria Rouville, 1903 (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) from the Continental Slope of Atlantic Southeast. Zootaxa, 2007, 1402(1), 39-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1402.3.

BOUCHER, G. and GOURBAULT, N. Sublittoral meiofauna and diversity of nematode assemblages off Guadeloupe Islands (French West Indies). Bulletin of Marine Science, 1990, 47(2), 448-463.

CHEN, G. and VINCX, M. Nematodes from the Strait of Magellan and the Beagle Channel (Chile): the genus Sabatieria (Comesomatidae: Nematoda) with the description of Sabatieria coomansi n. sp. Hydrobiologia, 1999, 405, 95-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003752619953.

COBB, N.A. Notes on Nemas. Contribution to the Science of Nematology, 1917, 5, 117-128.

DE BROYER, C., BOUQUEGNEAU, J. M., DAUBY, P., DE RIDDER, C. and VANREUSEL, A. Biodiversity of three representative groups of the Antarctic Zoobenthos: Comparative structure, distribution and function (BIANZO), Brussels: Belgian Science Policy, 2007.

FISHER, R. and SHEAVES, M.J. Community structure and spatial variability of marine nematodes in tropical Australian pioneer seagrass meadows. Hydrobiologia, 2003, 495(1-3), 143-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025406624390.

FONSECA, G. and BEZERRA, T.N. Order Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929. In: A. SCHMIDT-RAESA, ed. Handbook of Zoology: Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. 2nd ed. Hamburg-Germany: De Gruyter, 2014, pp. 435-465.

GAGARIN, V.G. and NGUYEN, V.T. A new genus and three new species of free-living Nematodes from mangroves of the Red river estuary, Vietnam. Journal of Biology, 2008, 30, 3-11.

GOURBAULT, N. Nematodes marins de Guadeloupe. I. Xyalidae nouveaux des genres Rhynchonema Cobb et Prorhynchonema nov. gen. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 1982, 4, 1-2.

HODDA, M. Phylum Nematoda Cobb, 1932. In: ZHANG, Z.Q., ed. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 2011, 3148, 63-95.

HUA, E., MU, F., ZHANG, Z., YANG, S., ZHANG, T. and LI, J. Nematode community structure and diversity pattern in sandy beaches of Qingdao, China. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2016, 15(1), 33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-016-2686-5.

INGOLE, B. and SINGH, R. Biodiversity and community structure of free-living marine nematodes from the Larsemann Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. Current Science, 2010, 99(10), 1413-1419.

JESÚS-NAVARRETE, A. Diversity of nematoda in a Caribbean atoll: Banco Chinchorro, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 2003, 73(1), 47-56.

KOVALYEV, S.V. and TCHESUNOV, A.V. Taxonomic review of microlaimids with description of five species from the White Sea (Nematoda: Chromadoria). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2005, 14(1), 1-16.

LAMBSHEAD, P.J.D. Marine nematode biodiversity. In: Z.X. CHEN, S.Y. CHEN and D.W. DICKSON, eds. Nematology: advances and perspectives. Nematode morphology, physiology and ecology. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2003, pp. 438-468.

LEDUC, D. and ROWDEN, A.A. Nematode communities in sediments of the Kermadec trench, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers, 2018, 134, 23-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.03.003.

LEDUC, D. One new genus and three new species of deep-sea nematodes (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Ross Sea. Zootaxa, 2016, 4079(2), 255-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4079.2.7. PMid:27396004.

LEDUC, D., ROWDEN, A.A., BOWDEN, D.A., NODDER, S.D., PROBERT, P.K., PILDITCH, C.A., DUINEVELD, G.C.A. and WITBAARD, R. Nematode beta diversity on the continental slope of New Zealand: spatial patterns and environmental drivers. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2012, 454, 37-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09690.

LONG, P.K., GAGARIN, V.G., TU, N.D., PHUONG, N.T.X. and THANH, N.V. Bolbolaimus obesus sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodorida) from Mangrove Thickets in the Tien Yen River Estuary, Vietnam. The Biological Bulletin, 2017, 44(8), 844-851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1062359017080064.

LUCENA, B.K.P., SILVA, M.C. and CASTRO, F.J.V. Nematode community of continental lakes with different concentrations of salts. Revista Nordestina de Zoologia, 2015, 9(1), 2-15.

MUTHUMBI, A.W. and VINCX, M. Microlaimidae (Microlaimoidea: Nematoda) from the Indian Ocean: description of nine new and known species. Hydrobiologia, 1999, 397, 39-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003686212934.

NDARO, S.G. and ÓLAFSSON, E. Soft-bottom fauna with emphasis on nematode assemblage structure in a tropical intertidal lagoon in Zanzibar, eastern Africa: I. Spatial variability. Hydrobiologia, 1999, 405, 133-148.

NETTO, S.A. and GALLUCCI, F. Meiofauna and macrofauna communities in a mangrove from the Island of Santa Catarina, South Brazil. Hydrobiologia, 2003, 505(1), 159-170.

OTT, J.A., NOVAK, R., SCHIEMER, F. HENTSCHEL, U., NEBELSICK, M. and POLZ, M. Tackling the Sulfide Gradient: A Novel Strategy Involving Marine Nematodes and Chemoautotrophic Ectosymbionts. Marine Ecology (Berlin), 1991, 12(3), 261-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1991.tb00258.x.

PASTOR DE WARD, C., LO RUSSO, V., VILLARES, G., MILANO, V., MIYASHIRO, L. and MAZZANTI, R. Free-living marine nematodes from San Julián Bay (Santa Cruz, Argentina). ZooKeys, 2015, 489, 133-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.489.7311. PMid:25878534.

PASTOR DE WARD, C.T. Two new species of Sabatieria (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) from Golfo Nuevo, Chubut (Argentina). Zootaxa, 2003, 172(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.172.1.1.

PINTO, T. K. O., NETTO, S. A., ESTEVES, A. M., CASTRO, F. J. V., NERES, P. F. and DA SILVA, M. C. Free-living freshwater nematodes from Brazil: checklist of genera and regional patterns of diversity. Nematology, 2021, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10100.

PLATT, H.M. and WARWICK, R.M. A synopsis of the free-living marine nematodes, part I. British enoplids. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

PLATT, H.M. The free-living marine nematodes genus Sabatieria (Nematoda: Comesomatidae). Taxonomic revision and pictorial keys. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1985, 83(1), 27-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb00872.x.

SANDULLI, R., MILJUTIN, D., ANGELETTI, L. and TAVIANI, M. Meiobenthos and nematode assemblages from different deep-sea habitats of the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea). Mediterranean Marine Science, 2015, 16(2), 402-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1145.

SEMPRUCCI, F., COLANTONI, P., BALDELLI, G., SBROCCA, C., ROCCHI, M. and BALSAMO, M. Meiofauna associated with coral sediments in the Maldivian subtidal habitats (Indian Ocean). Marine Biodiversity, 2013, 43(3), 189-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-013-0146-7.

SMYTHE, A.B., HOLOVACHOV, O. and KOCOT, K.M. Improved phylogenomic sampling of free-living nematodes enhances resolution of higher-level nematode phylogeny. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2019, 19(1), 1-15.

SUGUIO, K. Introdução a sedimentologia. São Paulo: Edgard Bliicher, 1973, pp. 317.

TCHESUNOV, A.V. Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933. In: A. SCHMIDT-RAESA, ed. Handbook of Zoology, Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. 2. ed. Hamburg-Germany: De Gruyter, 2014a, pp. 467-486.

TCHESUNOV, A.V. Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1969. In: A. SCHMIDT-RAESA, ed. Handbook of Zoology: Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. 2. ed. Hamburg-Germany: De Gruyter, 2014b, pp. 399-433.

THAI, T.T., MY YEN, N.T., THO, N. and QUANG, N.X. Meiofauna in the mangrove–shrimp farms ponds, Ca Mau province. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, 2017, 55(3), 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/3/8410.

TILBERT, S. Diversidade e estrutura da nematofauna em regiões estuarinas tropicais (~7ºS) [Dissertação de Mestrado. Mestrado em Ciências Biológicas]. João Pessoa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017.

TRAUNSPURGER, W., WILDEN, B. and MAJDI, N. An overview of meiofaunal and nematode distribution patterns in lake ecosystems differing in their trophic state. Hydrobiologia, 2020, 847, 2665–2679. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s10750-019-04092-1.

TU, N.D. and GAGARIN, V.G. Free-living nematodes from mangrove forest in the Yên River estuary (Vietnam). Inland Water Biology, 2017, 10(3), 266-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1995082917030129.

VANHOVE, S., VERMEEREN, H. and VANREUSEL, A. Meiofauna towards the South Sandwich Trench (750–6300 m), focus on nematodes. Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2004, 51(14-16), 1665-1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.029.

VANREUSEL, A., FONSECA, G., DANOVARO, R., DA SILVA, M.C., ESTEVES, A.M., FERRERO, T., GAD, G., GALTSOVA, V., GAMBI, C., DA FONSÊCA GENEVOIS, V., INGELS, J., INGOLE, B., LAMPADARIOU, N., MERCKX, B., MILJUTIN, D., MILJUTINA, M., MUTHUMBI, A., NETTO, S., PORTNOVA, D., RADZIEJEWSKA, T., RAES, M., TCHESUNOV, A., VANAVERBEKE, J., VAN GAEVER, S., VENEKEY, V., BEZERRA, T.N., FLINT, H., COPLEY, J., PAPE, E., ZEPPILLI, D., MARTINEZ, P.A. and GALERON, J. The contribution of deep-sea macrohabitat heterogeneity to global nematode diversity. Marine Ecology (Berlin), 2010, 31(1), 6-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00352.x.

VENEKEY, V. and MELO, T.P.G.D. Nematodes as indicators of shrimp farm impact on an amazonian estuary (Curuçá, Pará, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 2016, 64(1), 75-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592016108206401.

VENEKEY, V. Updates on information about free-living marine nematodes in Brazil: new records and comments on problems in taxonomic studies. Zootaxa, 2017, 4337(1), 38-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4337.1.2. PMid:29242430.

VENEKEY, V., FONSECA-GENEVOIS, V. and SANTOS, P.J. Biodiversity of free-living marine nematodes on the coast of Brazil: a review. Zootaxa, 2010, 2568(1), 39-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2568.1.2.

WALKLEY, A. and BLACK, I. A. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 1934, 37(1), 29-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003.

WARWICK, R.M., PLATT, H.M. and SOMERFIELD, P.J. Free-living marine nematodes. Part III. British Monhysterids. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series). Shrewsbury: The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Science Association, 1998, 296 p.

YANG, P., GUO, Y., CHEN, Y. and LIN, R. Four new free-living marine nematode species (Sabatieria) from the Chukchi Sea. Zootaxa, 2019, 4646(1), zootaxa.4646.1.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.1.2. PMid:31717025.

ZHANG, Z.Q. Animal biodiversity: an update of classification and diversity in 2013. In: ZHANG, Z.Q., ed. Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda). Zootaxa, 2013, 3703(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.3.

ZULLINI, A. Identification Manual for Freshwater Nematode Genera. Italian: Università di Milano Bicocca, 2010, 112 p.
 


Submitted date:
06/25/2020

Accepted date:
05/21/2021

Publication date:
06/11/2021

60c3a7dba953957ee16b2f83 alb Articles
Links & Downloads

Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online)

Share this page
Page Sections