Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X5621
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

The effects of season and ontogeny in the diet of Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann 1908) (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from southern Brazil

Efeitos sazonais e ontogenéticos na dieta de Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann 1908) (Characidae: Stevardiinae) do sul do Brasil

Vinicius Renner Lampert; Tatiana Schmidt Dias; Karina Keyla Tondato-Carvalho; Clarice Bernhardt Fialho

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Abstract

Abstract: Aim: In the present work we describe and analyze the diet of a small characin species, Piabarchus stramineus, from the Ibicuí River, Uruguay River Basin, southern Brazil.

Methods: Samples were collected monthly from April 2001 to March 2002 with seine net. All fish were measured, weighed, and had its stomach extruded for gut content analysis. Months were grouped in seasons and fish were classified within three standard length classes (SLC). We tested for possible alimentary differences between the different seasons of the year and standard length classes.

Results: The analysis of the content in 301 stomachs identified 27 food items and low to intermediary niche breadth. The main food item/category was allochthonous insects, regardless of the seasons, and P. stramineus can be classified as an insectivorous species. We observed no food overlap between smaller and larger fish (SLC1 and SLC3). On the other hand, we observed food overlap between small and intermediary fish (SLC1 and SLC2) and between intermediary and large fish (SLC2 and SLC3), evidencing a transition in food consumption along size classes. A temporal variation in diet composition was also observed among size classes. Thus, different sized fish differed in their diets, with smaller fish feeding mainly on cladocerans (SLC1 and SLC2) and larger fish (SLC3) feeding mainly on allochthonous Diptera and Hymenoptera.

Conclusions: The species diet varies in time (seasons) and such variation is different in each size class. Allochthonous food items were important in the diet of the species in the different developmental phases, especially for larger fish, with autochthonous items also important, especially for smaller fish. The allochthonous food items are strongly related to the ciliary forest; thus, we emphasize the importance of the conservation of such environments.

Keywords

allochthonous insects, size classes, feeding, niche breadth, food overlap

Resumo

Resumo: Objetivo: No presente estudo, descrevemos e analisamos a dieta de Piabarchus stramineus, um pequeno lambari do rio Ibicuí, bacia do rio Uruguai, no sul do Brasil.

Métodos: Amostragens foram feitas mensalmente de abril de 2001 a março de 2002 com rede de arrasto de praia. Todos os exemplares foram medidos, pesados e tiveram o estômago retirado para análise de seu conteúdo. Os meses foram agrupados em estações e os peixes classificados em três classes de comprimento padrão (CCP). Foram testadas possíveis diferenças entre as diferentes estações do ano e as diferentes classes de comprimento padrão.

Resultados: O conteúdo de 301 estômagos foi analisado e identificou 27 itens alimentares e uma amplitude de nicho baixa a intermediária. O principal item/categoria alimentar foi insetos alóctones independentemente das estações do ano e P. stramineus pode ser classificada como uma espécie insetívora. Nós não observamos sobreposição alimentar entre os exemplares menores e maiores (CCP1 e CCP3). Por outro lado, observamos sobreposição alimentar entre exemplares pequenos e intermediários (CCP1 e CCP2) e entre exemplares intermediários e maiores (CCP2 e CCP3), evidenciando uma transição no consumo de alimento entre as classes de tamanho. Também foi evidenciado uma variação temporal na composição da dieta com interação entre as classes de comprimento. Desta forma, peixes de diferentes tamanhos tiveram dietas diferentes, com peixes menores se alimentando principalmente de cladóceros (CCP 1 e CCP2) enquanto peixes maiores (CCP3) se alimentaram principalmente de dípteros e himenópteros alóctones.

Conclusões: Ocorre variação temporal na dieta, mas essa variação é diferente em cada classe de comprimento. Itens alóctones tiveram grande importância na dieta da espécie nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, especialmente para exemplares maiores, com itens autóctones importantes especialmente para peixes menores. Os itens alóctones são fortemente relacionados à mata ciliar, motivo pelo qual enfatizamos a importância da conservação destes ambientes.
 

Palavras-chave

insetos alóctones, classes de tamanho, alimentação, amplitude de nicho, sobreposição alimentar

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