Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X4719
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Thematic Section: Opinions about Aquatic Ecology in a Changing World

Aquatic environments in the One Health context: modulating the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon

Ambientes aquáticos no contexto One Health: modulação do fenômeno da resistência aos antimicrobianos

Juliana Alves Resende; Vânia Lúcia da Silva; Claudio Galuppo Diniz

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Abstract

Abstract: : From an anthropocentric perspective, aquatic environments are important to maintain health and survival, however, as they are sometimes managed based on misconception, they are considered a convergent pathway for anthropogenic residues and sanitation. Thus, it is observed that these ecosystems have been threatened by chemical pollution due to xenobiotics, especially from a more contemporary approach, by the selective pressure associated with antimicrobials. There are several studies that report the enrichment of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and mobilizable antimicrobial resistance genes in aquatic and adjacent ecosystems. From the perspective of the emerging and reemerging number of diseases related to the interplay of human, animal, and environmental factors, a new conception arose to address these issues holistically, which is known as the One Health approach. Scientific and political discourse on this conception should lead to effective action plans for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases in open environment, including those impacted by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, nowadays, discussions on antimicrobial resistance are becoming broader and are requiring a multi-disciplinary view to address health and environmental challenges, which includes aquatic environment management. Water may represent one of the most important ecosystems for the in antimicrobial resistance phenomenon that arises when a dynamic and singular microbial community may be influenced by several characteristics. As antimicrobial substances do not all degrade at the same time under the same treatment, strategies concerning their removal from the environment should consider their individualized chemical characteristics.

Keywords

One Health, antimicrobial resistance genes, dissemination routes, aquatic environment, human activities

Resumo

Resumo: : Em uma perspectiva antropocêntrica, os ambientes aquáticos são importantes para manutenção da saúde e da sobrevivência, entretanto, gerenciados muitas vezes de maneiras equivocadas, são considerados uma via convergente para os resíduos gerados por atividades humanas e saneamento. Desta forma, observa-se que esses ecossistemas têm sido ameaçados pela poluição química devido a xenobióticos, sobretudo em uma abordagem mais contemporânea, pela pressão seletiva associada aos antimicrobianos. Vários estudos têm reportado o enriquecimento de bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos e genes mobilizáveis relacionados a esse fenômeno em ambientes aquáticos e ecossistemas adjacentes. Do ponto de vista das doenças emergentes e reemergentes relacionadas à interação de fatores humanos, animais e ambientais, surgiu uma nova concepção para abordar, em uma visão holística, essas questões, conhecidas como abordagem de saúde única (One Health). Discussões científicas e políticas nessa concepção devem levar a planos de ação eficazes para prevenir e controlar a disseminação de doenças infecciosas em ambiente aberto, incluindo aquelas afetadas por atividades antropogênicas. Portanto, hoje em dia, as discussões sobre resistência antimicrobiana estão se tornando mais amplas e exigindo uma visão multidisciplinar para enfrentar os desafios de saúde e ambientais, que incluem a gestão do ambiente aquático. A água pode ser um dos ecossistemas mais importantes no fenômeno da resistência antimicrobiana que surge quando uma comunidade microbiana dinâmica e singular pode ser influenciada por várias características. Como as substâncias antimicrobianas não são degradadas, ao mesmo tempo sob um mesmo tratamento, as estratégias relativas à sua remoção do meio ambiente devem considerar suas características químicas individuais.
 

Palavras-chave

One Health, genes de resistência a antimicrobianos, vias de disseminação, ambiente aquáticos, atividades humanas

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Submitted date:
04/25/2019

Accepted date:
02/28/2020

Publication date:
08/03/2020

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