Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X4222
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

A global review on invasive traits of macrophytes and their link to invasion success

Uma revisão global sobre traços funcionais de macrófitas invasoras e sua relação com o sucesso no processo de invasão

Leticia Siman Bora; Andre Andrian Padial

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Abstract

Aim: Biological invasions by exotic macrophytes represent one of the main reasons for biodiversity and ecosystem changes in aquatic ecosystems. The reasons for their ability to succeed in new environments have been of ecological interest in the last years. We made a global review, aiming to describe functional traits related with invasiveness of macrophytes.

Methods: Our search was performed using keywords regarding invasive macrophytes and functional traits. We related the group traits of invasive species with their probability of species invasion success in new localities (invasiveness). We also performed a nestedness analysis that helped us to see which species possessed the higher number of traits related to invasiveness, as well as which traits were more common among the invasive species.

Results: Traits most often related to invasiveness were those indicating growth (94.5%) and reproduction (90.1%). Nearly 70.4% of invasive macrophytes traits were related with the probability of invasion success. Invasive species had a higher number of morphological and biotic interaction traits related with invasiveness than native species. Our nestedness analysis indicated a low degree of nestedness, but showed us that Egeria densa, Elodea canadensis and Elodea nutalli were the species with a wider range of environmental tolerances, explaining their invasibility across ecosystems.

Conclusions: We summarized and complement existing reviews on the functional traits related to invasion success of macrophytes. We believe this review contributed to the identification of the most common set of traits related with invasiveness, helping to speculate on successful invaders in the future.

Keywords

biological invasion, aquatic plants, functional attributes, functional biodiversity, invasiveness

Resumo

Objetivo: A invasão biológica por macrófitas exóticas é uma das maiores causas de perda de diversidade em ambientes aquáticos. Assim, o motivo para o seu sucesso em invadir novas localidades têm sido de interesse na ecologia. Fizemos uma revisão global, com o intuito de descrever os traços funcionais relacionados com o potencial invasor de macrófitas.

Métodos: Realizamos a busca com palavras-chave relacionadas a macrófitas invasoras e traços funcionais. Relacionamos os grupos de traços de espécies invasoras com a sua probabilidade de sucesso de invasão em novas localidades. Também fizemos uma análise de aninhamento, que nos ajudou a constatar quais espécies possuem um maior número de traços relacionados com o potencial invasor, assim como quais traços funcionais são mais comuns entre as espécies invasoras.

Resultados: Os traços mais frequentemente relacionados com o potencial invasor foram aqueles indicando crescimento (94,5%) e reprodução (90,1%). Aproximadamente 70,4% de todos os traços de espécies invasoras foram relacionados a com a probabilidade de sucesso de invasão. Espécies invasoras possuíram um maior número de traços morfológicos e reprodutivos relacionados com o potencial invasor do que espécies nativas. Nossa análise mostrou um baixo grau de aninhamento, mas nos mostrou que as espécies Egeria densa, Elodea canadensis e Elodea nutalli são as espécies com uma maior extensão de tolerâncias ambientais, explicando seu potencial invasor entre ecossistemas.

Conclusões: Resumimos e complementamos revisões existentes sobre os traços funcionais relacionados com o potencial invasor de macrófitas. Acreditamos que esta revisão contribuiu para a identificação dos conjuntos de traços mais comumente relacionados com o potencial invasor, ajudando a especular sobre possíveis futuras invasoras.
 

Palavras-chave

invasão biólogica, plantas aquáticas, atributos funcionais, diversidade funcional, invasividade

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Submetido em:
24/06/2022

Aceito em:
27/06/2023

Publicado em:
17/08/2023

64de1f3da95395324c44f1b3 alb Articles
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Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online)

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