Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X3324
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Thematic Section: Neotropical Zooplankton Symposium

Importance of abiotic factors and hydroperiod for the zooplankton community from ponds with different hydrological dynamics

Importância dos fatores abióticos e hidroperíodo para a comunidade zooplanctônica de poças com diferentes dinâmicas hidrológicas

José Gabriel Melo da Cruz; Fernanda Zucoloto Domingues; Luisa Rodrigues dos Santos; Rayanne Barros Setubal; Elder de Oliveira Sodré; Reinaldo Luiz Bozelli

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X3324 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.37, e104, 2025
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Abstract

Aim: The increasing impact on natural environments has led to changes in ecosystem characteristics. When not properly understood and managed, these changes can negatively affect the dynamics of aquatic environments, particularly small ones such as temporary ponds. Hydroperiod can influence the structure of aquatic ecosystems and the factors determining species occurrence in these water bodies. Within this context, studies assessing the influence of hydroperiod become highly relevant. This study evaluates how zooplankton species are distributed across five ponds with different hydroperiods in the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park and the importance of water retention time for the taxonomic and functional diversity of this community.

Methods: We indirectly assessed water retention time through daily temperature measurements over three years and analyzed the main limnological parameters. The zooplankton community was sampled from the five studied ponds, and its diversity was evaluated using species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDiv), and functional dispersion (FDis).

Results: We observed that even though the ponds are part of the same natural mosaic, they exhibit distinct characteristics. Abiotic factors such as water salinity and a more unstable hydroperiod negatively impacted zooplankton taxonomic and functional diversity, as shown by the integrated analysis of both diversity components. The highest taxonomic diversity values were found in ponds with intermediate water retention conditions (seasonal droughts).

Conclusions: Our results indicate that seasonal environments favor the co-occurrence of species from both perennial and ephemeral ponds, showing higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), functional richness (FRic), and functional divergence (FDiv) values when analyzed through an integrated approach. Furthermore, we observed that even under the same regional species pool, differences in desiccation frequency were sufficient to determine variations in the zooplankton community.

Keywords

functional richness; temporary ponds; Shannon diversity; functional dispersion

Resumo

Objetivo: O aumento dos impactos nos ambientes naturais tem levado a mudanças nas características dos ecossistemas. Quando não compreendidas e controladas, essas mudanças podem impactar negativamente a dinâmica dos ambientes aquáticos, especialmente os pequenos, como as poças temporárias. O hidroperíodo pode influenciar a estrutura dos ecossistemas aquáticos e os fatores que determinam a ocorrência de espécies nesses corpos d'água. Nesse contexto, estudos que avaliem a influência do hidroperíodo tornam-se altamente relevantes. Este estudo avalia como as espécies zooplanctônicas estão distribuídas em cinco poças com diferentes hidroperíodos no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba e a importância do tempo de retenção de água para a diversidade taxonômica e funcional dessa comunidade.

Métodos: Avaliamos indiretamente o tempo de retenção hídrica por meio de medições diárias de temperatura ao longo de três anos e analisamos os principais parâmetros limnológicos. A comunidade zooplanctônica foi amostrada nas cinco poças estudadas, e sua diversidade foi avaliada por meio da riqueza de espécies (S), índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H'), riqueza funcional (FRic), divergência funcional (FDiv) e dispersão funcional (FDis).

Resultados: Observamos que, apesar de estarem inseridas no mesmo mosaico natural, as poças apresentam características distintas. Fatores abióticos, como a salinidade da água e um hidroperíodo mais instável, impactaram negativamente a diversidade taxonômica e funcional do zooplâncton, conforme demonstrado pela análise integrada desses componentes de diversidade. Os maiores valores de diversidade taxonômica foram encontrados em poças com condições intermediárias de retenção de água (secas sazonais).

Conclusões: Nossos resultados indicam que ambientes sazonais favorecem a coocorrência de espécies em poças perenes e efêmeras, apresentando maiores valores de índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’), riqueza funcional (FRic) e divergência funcional (FDiv) quando analisados de forma integrada. Além disso, observamos que, mesmo sob o mesmo conjunto regional de espécies, diferenças na frequência de dessecação foram suficientes para determinar variações na comunidade zooplanctônica.

Palavras-chave

riqueza funcional; poças temporárias; diversidade de Shannon; dispersão funcional

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Submitted date:
04/15/2024

Accepted date:
03/26/2025

Publication date:
05/30/2025

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