Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X2725
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Environmental variability drives the spatial and temporal beta diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical reservoir

Variabilidade ambiental direciona a diversidade beta espacial e temporal do fitoplâncton em um reservatório tropical

Anny Kelly Nascimento de Oliveira; Cláudia Alves de Souza; Silvia Moreira dos Santos; Carlos Roberto Alves dos Santos; Jascieli Carla Bortolini

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Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the local contribution of phytoplankton to beta diversity across space and time in a reservoir in central-western Brazil, and its relationship with environmental filters.

Methods: We sampled phytoplankton and environmental variables over three months of drought and three months of rainfall at seven sampling sites along the main axis of the João Leite Reservoir, Goiás, Brazil. We used Euclidean distance to calculate spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity. We applied the Local Contribution to Beta Diversity (LCBD) index and the Temporal Beta Diversity (TBI) index.

Results: Principal Component Analysis revealed a clear separation between lotic and lentic environments. A longitudinal gradient of environmental heterogeneity was formed in the reservoir. The local contribution to beta diversity was primarily structured by species turnover rather than richness differences. Through TBI values, we observed the influence of seasonality, leading to a trend of declining species diversity from the dry to the rainy period. Using Beta Regression, we found a significant relationship between environmental heterogeneity and LCBD values, particularly in the species turnover component. For TBI, we identified a significant relationship with temporal environmental heterogeneity between the last month of drought and the first month of rainfall.

Conclusions: Therefore, it is essential to consider different spatial and temporal scales when monitoring diversity in reservoirs, as ecosystems may encompass varying characteristics that influence the provided ecosystem functions and services.

Keywords

beta diversity; dam; LCBD; longitudinal gradient; planktonic algae

Resumo

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contribuição local do fitoplâncton para a diversidade beta ao longo do espaço e do tempo em um reservatório no centro-oeste brasileiro e sua relação com os filtros ambientais.

Métodos: Amostramos o fitoplâncton e variáveis ambientais durante três meses de seca e três de chuva em sete locais de amostragem no eixo principal do reservatório João Leite, Goiás, Brasil. Utilizamos a distância euclidiana para calcular a heterogeneidade ambiental espacial e temporal. Aplicamos o índice de contribuição local das espécies para a diversidade beta (LCBD), e o índice de Diversidade Beta Temporal (TBI).

Resultados: A Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou uma clara separação entre os ambientes lóticos e lênticos. Houve a formação de um gradiente longitudinal na heterogeneidade ambiental do reservatório. A contribuição local para a diversidade beta foi mais estruturada pelos componentes de substituição de espécies do que o de diferenças de riquezas. Através dos valores de TBI observamos a influência da sazonalidade, ocasionando uma tendência de perda de diversidade de espécies do período seco para o chuvoso. Utilizando a Beta Regressão, nós encontramos uma relação significativa entre a heterogeneidade ambiental e os valores de LCBD, principalmente no componente de substituição de espécies. Para o TBI, nós encontramos uma relação significativa com a heterogeneidade ambiental temporal entre o último mês de seca e o primeiro da chuva.

Conclusões: Portanto, é essencial considerarmos as diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais para o monitoramento da diversidade em reservatórios, onde um ecossistema pode abranger diferentes características, influenciando as funções e serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos.

Palavras-chave

diversidade beta; barragem; LCBD; gradiente longitudinal; algas planctônicas

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Submitted date:
15/04/2025

Accepted date:
19/05/2026

Publication date:
20/07/2026

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