Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X2618
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Forest fragmentation influences the diet of cichlids Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) and Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes) in streams of the Western Amazon

A fragmentação florestal influencia a dieta dos ciclídeos, Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) e Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes) em riachos da Amazônia Ocidental

Lucena Rocha Virgilio; Cleyton Holanda de Brito; Monik da Silveira Suçuarana; Lisandro Juno Soares Vieira

Downloads: 0
Views: 1124

Abstract

Abstract: : Aims: To evaluate the effects of replacing riparian vegetation with pasture in the diet of Apistogramma agassizii and Aequidens tetramerus.

Methods: The study was carried out in the municipality of Senador Guiomar, Acre. We sampled three streams divided into three stretches each (100 m), bordered by forest, pasture, and both forest and pasture (edge). Quarterly collections using fishnets were performed between January and October 2008.

Results: The species A. agassizii had a diet based on the consumption of adult insects in stretches of forest, different from the pasture environment, in which the consumption of insect larvae was higher. In the diet of A. tetramerus, the most important item was insect larvae in all environments, mainly in the pasture. We found low amplitude of trophic niche for A. agassizii in the forest environment, due to the consumption of adult insects, and for A. tetramerus in the pasture, due to the consumption of insect larvae. In the pasture areas, we found no difference between the items consumed by the species, which showed a high trophic niche overlap, influenced by the consumption of Diptera larvae.

Conclusion: Thus, we show that allochthonous items, such as adult insects, are food resources indicative of riparian vegetation conservation and are important for both species, mainly A. agassizii. However, this item has been replaced by autochthonous items, such as Diptera larvae, in the A. agassizii diet and become predominant in the A. tetramerus diet as the riparian vegetation deteriorates.

Keywords

food overlap, land-use change, trophic niche, riparian vegetation

Resumo

Resumo:: Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da substituição da vegetação ripária por pastagem na dieta de Apistogramma agassizii e Aequidens tetramerus.

Métodos: O estudo foi realizado no município de Senador Guiomar, Acre. Foram amostrados três riachos separados em dois trechos (100 metros de extensão cada), sendo um trecho margeado por floresta, borda e outro por pastagem. Foram realizadas coletas trimestrais entre janeiro e outubro de 2008, com auxílio de puçás.

Resultados: A espécie A. agassizii em trechos de floresta teve uma dieta baseada no consumo de insetos adultos, diferente do ambiente de pastagem, no qual o consumo de larvas de insetos foi maior. Já na dieta de A. tetramerus larvas de insetos foi o item mais importante em todos os ambientes, principalmente no de pastagem. Houve baixa amplitude de nicho trófico para A. agassizii em ambiente de floresta, devido ao consumo de insetos adultos, e para A. tetramerus na pastagem, devido ao consumo de larvas de insetos. Nas áreas de pastagem, não houve diferença nos itens consumidos pelas espécies, no qual apresentaram elevada sobreposição de nicho trófico, influenciado pelo consumo de larvas de Diptera.

Conclusão: Assim, evidenciamos que os itens alóctones, como insetos adultos são recursos alimentares indicadores de conservação da vegetação ripária e importantes para ambas as espécies, principalmente A. agassizii. No entanto observou-se a substituição na dieta de A. agassizii por itens autóctones, como larvas de Diptera, e o predomínio deste item na dieta de A. tetramerus conforme ocorre a degradação da vegetação ripária.
 

Palavras-chave

sobreposição alimentar, mudança do uso do solo, nicho trófico, mata ripária

References

ANDERSON, M.J., GORLEY, R.N. and CLARKE, K.R., 2008. PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: guide to software and statistical methods. Plymouth: PRIMER-E, 2008.

BARRELLA, W., PETRERE, J.R.M., SMITH, W.S. and MONTAG, L.F.A. As relações entre as matas ciliares os rios e os peixes. In: R.R. RODRIGUES and H.F. LEITÃO FILHO, eds. Matas Ciliares: conservação e recuperação. São Paulo: EDUSP/FAPESP, 2000, 320 p.

BÜHRNHEIM, C.M. Heterogeneidade de habitats: rasos x fundos em assembléias de peixes de igarapés de terra firme na Amazônia Central, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 2002, 19(3), 889-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752002000300026.

BURRESS, E.D., DUARTE, A., SERRA, W.S., GANGLOFF, M.M. and SIEFFERMAN, L. Species‐specific ontogenetic diet shifts among Neotropical Crenicichla: using stable isotopes and tissue stoichiometry. Journal of Fish Biology, 2013, 82(6), 1904-1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12117. PMid:23731144.

CALLISTO, M., MORETTI, M. and GOULART, M. Macroinvertebrados bentônicos como ferramenta para avaliar a saúde de riachos. Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos, 2001, 6(1), 71-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21168/rbrh.v6n1.p71-82.

CARDILLO, M., MACE, G.M., JONES, K.E., BIELBY, J., BININDA-EMONDS, O.R.P., SECHREST, W., ORME, C.D.L. and PURVIS, A. Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science, 2005, 309(1), 1239-1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1116030. PMid:16037416.

CARDOSO, A.C. and COUCEIRO, S.R.M. Insects in the diet of fish from Amazonian streams, in western Pará, Brazil. Marine and Freshwater Research, 2017, 68(11), 2052-2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF16173.

CASATTI, L., LANGEANI, F. and FERREIRA, C.P. Effects of physical habitat degradation on the stream fish assemblage structure in a pasture region. Environmental Management, 2006, 38(6), 974-982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0212-4. PMid:16990983.

CASATTI, L., TERESA, F.B., GONÇALVES-SOUZA, T., BESSA, E., MANZOTTI, A.R., GONÇALVES, C.D.S. and ZENI, J.D.O. From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish? Neotropical Ichthyology, 2012, 10(1), 205-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252012000100020.

CASTELLO, L., MCGRATH, D.G., HESS, L.L., COE, M.T., LEFEBVRE, P.A., PETRY, P., MACEDO, M.N., RENÓ, V.F. and ARANTES, C.C. The vulnerability of Amazon freshwater ecosystems. Conservation Letters, 2013, 6(4), 217-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12008.

CENEVIVA-BASTOS, M. and CASATTI, L. Oportunismo alimentar de Knodus moenkhausii (Teleostei. Characidae): uma espécie abundante em riachos do noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Brasil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 2007, 9(1), 7-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212007000100002.

CHAN, E.K., ZHANG, Y. and DUDGEON, D. Arthropod ‘rain’into tropical streams: the importance of intact riparian forest and influences on fish diets. Marine and Freshwater Research, 2008, 59(8), 653-660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF07191.

COSTA, I.D.D. and SOARES, M.O. The seasonal diet of Aequidens tetramerus (Cichlidae) in a small forest stream in the Machado River basin. Rondônia, Brazil. Acta Amazonica, 2015, 45(4), 365-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201500223.

DELARIVA, R.L., HAHN, N.S. and KASHIWAQUI, E.A.L. Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: Impoundment effects. Neotropical Ichthyology, 2011, 11(4), 891-904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000400017.

EVA, H.D., BELWARD, A.S., DE MIRANDA, E.E., DI BELLA, C.M., GOND, V., HUBER, O., JONE, S., SGRENZAROLI, M. and FRITZ, S.A. Land cover map of South America. Global Change Biology, 2004, 10(5), 731-744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00774.x.

FERREIRA, A., GERHARD, P. and CYRINO, J.E.P. Diet of Astyanax paranae (Characidae) in streams with different riparian land covers in the Passa-Cinco River basin. southeastern Brazil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 2012, 102(1), 80-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212012000100011.

FERREIRA, M.C., BEGOT, T.O., DA SILVEIRA PRUDENTE, B., JUEN, L. and DE ASSIS MONTAG, L.F. Effects of oil palm plantations on habitat structure and fish assemblages in Amazon streams. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018, 101(4), 547-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0716-4.

FONSECA, D.A. Aspectos da climatologia do Acre, Brasil, com base no intervalo 1971-2000. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 2006, 21(3), 308-317.

GOTELLI, N.J. and ENTSMINGER, G.L. EcoSim: null models software for ecology. Version 7.0. Jericho: Acquired Intelligence and Kesey-Bear, 2006 [viewed 12 Apr. 2018]. Available from: http://garyentsminger.com/ecosim/index.htm

HENRY, R. Ecótonos nas Interfaces dos Ecossistemas Aquáticos. São Carlos: Rima, 2003.

HYNES, H.B.N. The food of fresh-water sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius), with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 1950, 19(1), 36-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1570.

JUNK, W.J. Aquatic habitats in Amazonia. The Environmentalist, 1983, 3(1), 24-34.

KANDZIORA, M., BURKHARD, B. and MÜLLER, F. Interactions of ecosystem properties. ecosystem integrity and ecosystem service indicators - A theoretical matrix exercise. Ecological Indicators, 2013, 28, 54-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.09.006.

KAWAKAMI, E. and VAZZOLER, G. Método gráfico e estimativa de índice alimentar aplicado no estudo de alimentação de peixes. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico, 1980, 29(2), 205-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241980000200043.

KEINATH, D.A., DOAK, D.F., HODGES, K.E., PRUGH, L.R., FAGAN, W., SEKERCIOGLU, C.H., BUCHART, S.H.M. and KAUFFMAN, M.A. Global analysis of traits predicting species sensitivity to habitat fragmentation. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2017, 26(1), 115-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12509.

LIEDKE, A.M., BARNECHE, D.R., FERREIRA, C.E., SEGAL, B., NUNES, L.T., BURIGO, A.P. and FLOETER, S.R. Abundance, diet, foraging and nutritional condition of the banded butterflyfish (Chaetodon striatus) along the western Atlantic. Marine Biology, 2016, 163(1), 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2788-4.

LÓPEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, H., WINEMILLER, K.O. and HONEYCUTT, R.L. Multilocus phylogeny and rapid radiations in Neotropical cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010, 55(3), 1070-1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.020. PMid:20178851.

LORION, C.M. and KENNEDY, B.P. Riparian forest buffers mitigate the effects of deforestation on fish assemblages in tropical headwater streams. Ecological Applications, 2009, 19(2), 468-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0050.1. PMid:19323203.

MAZZONI, R. and IGLESIAS‐RIOS, R. Environmentally related life history variations in Geophagus brasiliensis. Journal of Fish Biology, 2002, 61(6), 1606-1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02501.x.

MORATO, E.F., MARTINS, R.P. and DRUMOND, P.M. Diversidade e composição da fauna de vespas e abelhas solitárias do estado do Acre. Amazônia Sul–Ocidental. In: P.M. DRUMOND. Fauna do Acre. Rio Branco: EDUFAC, 2005.

NEWMARK, W.D. Tropical forest fragmentation and the local extinction of understory birds in the eastern Usambara mountains. Tanzania. Conservation Biology, 1991, 5(1), 67-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00389.x.

PIANKA, E.R. The structure of lizard communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1973, 4(1), 53-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000413.

PURVIS, A., CARDILLO, M., GRENYER, R. and COLLEN, B. Correlates of extinction risk: phylogeny biology threat and scale. In: A. PURVIS, J.L. GITTLEMAN and T.M. BROOKS, eds. Phylogeny and conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 295-316.

REIS, R.E., ALBERT, J.S., DI DARIO, F., MINCARONE, M.M., PETRY, P. and ROCHA, L.A. Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. Journal of Fish Biology, 2016, 89(1), 12-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13016. PMid:27312713.

REIS, R.E., KULLANDER, S.O. and FERRARIS, C.J., 2003. Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: Edipucrs, 729 p.

RIBEIRO, A.R., BIAGIONI, R.C. and SMITH, W.S. Study of the natural diet of the fish fauna of a centenary reservoir. São Paulo. Brazil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 2014, 104(4), 404-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-476620141044404412.

ROSSARO, B. Factors that determine Chironomidae species distribuition in fresh waters. Bolletino di Zoologia 1991, 58(1), 281-286.

SABINO, J. and ZUANON, J.A. Stream fish assemblage in central Amazonia: distribution activity patterns and feeding behavior. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 1998, 8(3), 201-210.

SAMPAIO, A.L.A. and GOULART, E. Ciclídeos neotropicais: ecomorfologia trófica. Oecologia Australis, 2011, 15(4), 775-798. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2011.1504.03.

SCHNEIDER, M., AQUINO, P.D.P.U., SILVA, M.J.M. and FONSECA, C.P. Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF. Neotropical Ichthyology, 2011., 9(3), 579-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252011005000030.

SOUZA, R.G. and LIMA-JUNIOR, S.E. Influence of environmental quality on the diet of Astyanax in a microbasin of central western Brazil. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 2013, 35(2), 179-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i2.15570.

VELASCO GOMEZ, M.D., BEUCHLE, R., SHIMABUKURO, Y., GRECCHI, R., SIMONETTI, D., EVA, H.D. and ACHARD, F. Long-term perspective on deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2015, 40(7), 539-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-539-2015.

VIRGILIO, L.R., RAMALHO, W.P., DA SILVA, S.J.C.B., SUÇUARANA, M.S., DE BRITO, C.H. and VIEIRA, L.J.S. Does riparian vegetation affect fish assemblage? A longitudinal gradient analysis in three Amazonian streams. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 2018, 40(1), e42562-e42562. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v40i1.42562.

WOOTTON, R.J. Ecology of teleost fishes. London: Chapman and Hall, 1990.

ZENI, J.O. and CASATTI, L. The influence of habitat homogenization on the trophic structure of fish fauna in tropical streams. Hydrobiologia, 2014, 726(1), 259-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1772-6.
 


Submitted date:
04/12/2018

Accepted date:
08/31/2020

Publication date:
11/16/2020

5fb27b460e88255f4154306a alb Articles
Links & Downloads

Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online)

Share this page
Page Sections