Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X1621
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Macrophytes banks as potential fish nursery areas in small hydropower reservoirs

Bancos de macrófitas como potenciais áreas de berçário para peixes em pequenos reservatórios de hidrelétricas

Rafaela Shizuko Yamashita Kimura; Eduardo Meneguzzi Brambilla; João Felipe Denys Pereira; Marcos Gomes Nogueira

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Abstract

Abstract:: Aim: This study verified if the macrophyte banks found in two reservoirs of small hydroelectric plants (SHPs) have a functional ecological role for the initial development of ichthyofauna. Additionally, we compared the differences in the structure of the fish assemblages along each reservoir compartment and between reservoirs.

Methods: Sampling was performed in March 2018, in lotic, intermediate, and lentic compartments of Palmeiras and Retiro reservoirs, Sapucaí-Mirim River (SP). Three distinct macrophyte banks in each stretch (triplicates), considering the most representative in terms of composition (recurrency/dominance), were sampled, resulting in 18 samples (nine per reservoir). For fish collection we used a sieve of 1 m2 of area, mesh size of 1 mm, which was manually hauled, from the boat, in the marginal aquatic vegetation (three hauls per sample). Simultaneously, we measured basic limnological parameters with a Horiba U-52 water probe, adjacent to the banks.

Results: The presence of juveniles of all fish orders found in the river, Characiformes, Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes, Gymnotiformes and Cichliformes, demonstrates that, at least in certain moment of their development cycle, the macrophyte banks are used by species with different ecological requirements. It was observed significant statistical differences in the structure of the ichthyofauna along the longitudinal axes of the reservoirs, but not between reservoirs. The same was seen for the limnological data (PCA).

Conclusions: The macrophyte banks found in the SHPs reservoirs have a potential role as nurseries for the local ichthyofauna, mainly, but not exclusively, for sedentary species and with parental care. This association is ecologically relevant, given the absence of typical lateral habitats for the initial development of the fish fauna. Additionally, despite the reservoirs small size, spatial organization was also important for the assemblage’s structure, with differences in terms of composition, size and development stages along the distinct sampling stretches.

Keywords

reservoir cascade, ichthyofauna, juveniles, larvae, spatial organization

Resumo

Resumo:: Objetivo: O presente estudo verificou se os bancos de macrófitas presentes nos reservatórios de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas desempenham um papel ecológico funcional no desenvolvimento inicial da ictiofauna. Adicionalmente, comparou-se a estrutura das assembleias de peixes ao longo dos compartimentos de cada reservatório e entre os reservatórios.

Métodos: A amostragem foi realizada em março de 2018 nos compartimentos lótico, intermediário e lêntico dos reservatórios de Palmeiras e Retiro, rio Sapucaí-Mirim (SP). Três bancos diferentes de macrófitas por trecho (tréplicas), considerando os mais representativos em termos de composição (recorrência/dominância), foram amostrados, no total de 18 amostras (nove por reservatório). Para a coleta dos peixes foi utilizada peneira de 1 m2 de área, abertura de malha de 1 mm, introduzida manualmente, da proa do barco, sob a vegetação aquática marginal e erguida rapidamente (três lances por amostra). Simultaneamente, foram medidos parâmetros limnológicos básicos, utilizando sonda Horiba U-52, adjacente aos bancos.

Resultados: A presença de estágios juvenis para todas as ordens de peixes encontradas no rio, Characiformes, Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes, Gymnotiformes e Cichliformes, demonstra que os bancos de macrófitas são utilizados, em algum momento do seu ciclo de desenvolvimento, por espécies com diferentes requerimentos ecológicos. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas na estrutura da ictiofauna no eixo longitudinal dos reservatórios, mas não entre os reservatórios. O mesmo foi verificado para os dados limnológicos (ACP).

Conclusões: Os bancos de macrófitas encontrados nos reservatórios de pequeno porte das PCHs do rio Sapucaí-Mirim são berçários potenciais para a ictiofauna, principalmente, mas não exclusivamente, para espécies sedentárias e com cuidado parental. Esta associação é ecologicamente relevante, dado a ausência de habitats laterais típicos para o desenvolvimento inicial da ictiofauna. Adicionalmente, a despeito do pequeno porte dos reservatórios, a organização espacial também se mostrou importante, com diferenças em termos de composição, tamanho e estágios de desenvolvimento ao longo dos distintos trechos de amostragem.
 

Palavras-chave

cascata de reservatórios, ictiofauna, juvenis, larvas, organização espacial

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Submitted date:
03/09/2021

Accepted date:
10/26/2021

Publication date:
04/28/2022

626a8f6ea95395375b0d5005 alb Articles
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