Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X11024
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Review Article

Understanding anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems: recent trends and emerging issues (2019-2023)

Análise das pressões antrópicas sobre ecossistemas de água doce: tendências atuais e desafios emergentes (2019-2023)

Layla Mayer Fonseca; Gabrielle Passos Pereira Rosário; André Megali Amado

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X11024 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.38, e1, 2026
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Abstract

Aim: To identify and analyze the most frequently investigated anthropogenic pressures and emerging research themes in freshwater ecosystem studies recently published (between 2019 and 2023).

Methods: A bibliometric literature review was conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Articles were selected based on predefined search strings related to freshwater systems and human impacts. A total of 5,549 peer-reviewed articles in English were analyzed using the Bibliometrix package in R®, focusing on abstracts and author keywords to detect trends in stressors, contaminants, ecosystem types, and research collaboration networks.

Results: Rivers were the most frequently studied ecosystems (4,848 records; 90%), followed by lakes (621; 11%) and wetlands (337; 6%). Agriculture (35%), urbanization (28%), and mining (11%) were the top referenced drivers. Mentions of emerging pollutants grew sharply, with microplastics rising from 19 in 2019 to 198 in 2023, surpassing nutrients and pharmaceuticals. China (3,089), the United States (1,207), Canada (353), and Brazil (309) led in research output, with increasing international collaborations and adoption of advanced tools such as machine learning and remote sensing.

Conclusions: The literature reveals a growing interest in understanding complex human pressures on freshwater ecosystems. Strengthening international cooperation and integrating policy-oriented research emerge as frequently highlighted strategies in the literature to address these challenges.

Keywords

freshwater ecosystems; bibliometric analysis; anthropogenic stressors; emerging pollutants; scientific collaboration

Resumo

Objetivo: Identificar e analisar as pressões antrópicas mais frequentemente investigadas e os temas de pesquisa emergentes em estudos de ecossistemas de água doce publicados recentemente (entre 2019 e 2023).

Métodos: Uma revisão bibliométrica da literatura foi conduzida utilizando as bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Os artigos foram selecionados com base em sequências de busca predefinidas relacionadas a sistemas de água doce e impactos humanos. Um total de 5.549 artigos revisados ​​por pares em inglês foram analisados ​​utilizando o pacote Bibliometrix R®, com foco em resumos e palavras-chave dos autores para detectar tendências em estressores, contaminantes, tipos de ecossistemas e redes de colaboração em pesquisa.

Resultados: Rios foram os ecossistemas mais frequentemente estudados (4.848 registros; 90%), seguidos por lagos (621; 11%) e áreas úmidas (337; 6%). Agricultura (35%), urbanização (28%) e mineração (11%) foram os principais fatores referenciados. As menções a poluentes emergentes aumentaram acentuadamente, com os microplásticos subindo de 19 em 2019 para 198 em 2023, ultrapassando nutrientes e produtos farmacêuticos. China (3.089), Estados Unidos (1.207), Canadá (353) e Brasil (309) lideraram a produção de pesquisas, com crescentes colaborações internacionais e adoção de ferramentas avançadas, como aprendizado de máquina e sensoriamento remoto.

Conclusões: A literatura revela um interesse crescente em compreender as complexas pressões humanas sobre os ecossistemas de água doce. O fortalecimento da cooperação internacional e a integração de pesquisas orientadas a políticas públicas surgem como estratégias frequentemente destacadas na literatura para enfrentar esses desafios.

Palavras-chave

ecossistemas de água doce; análise bibliométrica; estressores antropogênicos; poluentes emergentes; colaboração científica

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Submitted date:
12/11/2024

Accepted date:
11/25/2025

Publication date:
03/05/2026

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