Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X10923
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Artigo Original

Sandbar breaching promotes long lasting changes on limnological dynamics along the water column of a tropical coastal lagoon

Aberturas de barra provocam mudanças de longa duração na dinâmica limnológica ao longo da coluna de água de uma lagoa costeira tropical

Jorge Gabriel Fernandes Genovez; Théo Dias Arueira; Luís Alfredo dos Santos Prado; Giovanna Figueiredo Lima da Silva; Claudio Cardoso Marinho; André Luiz dos Santos Fonseca; Murilo Minello; Daniel Basílio Zandonadi; Rodrigo Lemes Martins; Francisco de Assis Esteves; Anderson da Rocha Gripp

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X10923 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.36, e29, 2024
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Abstract

Aim: In this study, we investigated the impact of an episodic marine intrusion on the water column characteristics of Jurubatiba lagoon, a tropical coastal ecosystem, for 12 months following a sandbar breaching event to elucidate the duration of its effects.

Methods: Monthly, we sampled the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics along the water column for one year after a sandbar breaching event and seawater inflow. We assessed the temporal (monthly) and spatial (along depth profiles) associations among these variables and the temporal correlation among vertical heterogeneities in these variables and environmental drivers of stratification.

Results: Marine intrusion resulted in salt wedges formation in the short-term, leading to stratification in dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration along the water column for at least four months. However, temperature and solar incidence also emerged as crucial factors associated with vertical heterogeneity in limnological variables, influencing water density and pH throughout the study period. Precipitation and wind speed had only marginal effects on thermal and ectogenic stratifications, probably mediated by water colour, nutrient inputs, water column depth and lagoon’s orientation in the landscape.

Conclusions: Our data unveiled that, despite their shallowness and wind exposure, coastal lagoons can exhibit considerable vertical heterogeneities in limnological variables due to various climatic and hydrodynamic aspects. Notably, the effects of marine intrusions on salinity and ectogenic column stratification can persist for several months, affecting water quality and, probably, biotic communities and ecosystem functioning. Once human activities and climate change may intensify marine intrusions on coastal lagoons, understanding spatiotemporal dynamics and their drivers is fundamental to anticipating their effects and conserving such vulnerable ecosystems.

Keywords

sandbar breaching, vertical heterogeneity, depth profile, salinity, water density

Resumo

Objetivo: Neste estudo, investigamos o impacto de uma intrusão marinha nas características da coluna d'água da lagoa de Jurubatiba, um ecossistema costeiro tropical, por 12 meses após um evento de abertura da barra de areia, a fim de elucidar a duração de seus efeitos na lagoa.

Métodos: Amostramos mensalmente as características físicas, químicas e biológicas ao longo do perfil vertical da coluna d'água após a abertura da barra de areia e entrada de água do mar. Avaliamos a associação temporal (mensalmente) e espacial (ao longo do perfil de profundidade) entre essas variáveis e a correlação temporal na heterogeneidade vertical dessas variáveis e condições ambientais que promovem a estratificação.

Resultados: A intrusão marinha resultou na formação de cunhas salinas em curto prazo, levando à estratificação na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, pH, salinidade e clorofila-a ao longo da coluna de água por, pelo menos, quatro meses. No entanto, a temperatura atmosférica e a incidência solar também emergiram como fatores cruciais associados à heterogeneidade vertical nas variáveis limnológicas, influenciando a densidade da água e o pH ao longo do período de estudo. A precipitação e a velocidade do vento tiveram apenas efeitos marginais nas variações térmicas e ectogênicas, provavelmente mediadas pela cor da água, entrada de nutrientes, profundidade da coluna d'água e orientação da lagoa na paisagem.

Conclusões: Apesar de rasas e expostas a ação dos ventos, as lagoas costeiras podem apresentar uma considerável heterogeneidade vertical nas condições limnológicas devido a vários fatores climáticos e hidrodinâmicos. Notavelmente, os efeitos de intrusões marinhas na salinidade e na estratificação da coluna d'água podem persistir por vários meses, afetando a qualidade da água e, provavelmente, as comunidades bióticas e o funcionamento do ecossistema. Uma vez que as atividades humanas e as mudanças climáticas podem intensificar as intrusões marinhas em lagoas costeiras, compreender seus efeitos na dinâmica limnológica é fundamental para nossa capacidade de prevê-los e conservar ecossistemas tão vulneráveis.

Palavras-chave

abertura da barra de areia, heterogeneidade vertical, perfil de profundidade, salinidade, densidade da água

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