Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X10919
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Fish-food interaction network around cage fish farming in a neotropical reservoir

Rede de interações peixe-alimento ao redor de piscicultura com tanque-rede em um reservatório neotropical

Heleno Brandão; Denise Lange; Daniel Rodrigues Blanco; Igor Paiva Ramos; Jamile Queiroz de Sousa; André Batista Nobile; Edmir Daniel Carvalho

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Abstract

Abstract:: Aim: Investigating whether wild fish accept residual ration from cage fish farming to the point of changing their diet and the fish-food interaction network.

Methods: The diet of fish species, Astyanax lacustris, Iheringichthys labrosus, Leporinus amblyrhynchus, Schizodon nasutus and Steindachnerina insculpta, bred in Chavantes Reservoir, Upper Paraná basin, was evaluated. Samples were collected on a monthly basis - from March 2008 to February 2009 - around the cage fish farming (NC) and in a reference site (RS) free from the influence of the fish farming activity. Results were analyzed through graphs and metrics of complex network analysis, and Permutational analysis of variance.

Results: The total number of 641 individuals belonging to all five fish species were collected, 292 in NC and 349 in RS. The total amount of food items consumed by them comprised 24 items in NC and 22 items in RS. The fish-food interaction network has shown nested pattern in the two evaluated areas, which evidenced the generalist structure of this interaction. Connectance values and mean degree of interaction networks were low. Detritus was the most representative item consumed in both sampling sites. Three of the five evaluated species (A. lacustris, S. nasutus and I. labrosus) had residual ration in their diet. Residual ration was the fourth most consumed item in NC. It was also the most representative food item for A. lacustris and S. nasutus.

Conclusions: Results have shown that cage fish farming activity can influence trophic interactions in aquatic systems, as well as evidenced the ability of S. nasutus, L. labrosus and A. lacustris to take advantage of new food items in their environment.

Keywords

aquaculture, Chavantes Reservoir, ecological interaction, teleost

Resumo

Resumo: : Objetivo: Nós verificamos se peixes selvagens se alimentam de ração residual proveniente de piscicultura em tanques-rede, alterando a dieta e a rede de interação peixe-alimento.

Métodos: Foram avaliadas as dietas de Astyanax lacustris, Iheringichthys labrosus, Leporinus amblyrhynchus, Schizodon nasutus e Steindachnerina insculpta do Reservatório Chavantes, Bacia do Alto Paraná. Os peixes foram coletados mensalmente de março de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009 ao redor da área de piscicultura (net cage - NC) e em uma área de referência (reference site – RS), sem a influência das atividades de piscicultura. Nós verificamos os resultados usando gráficos e métricas da análise de redes complexas e análise de variância permutacional.

Resultados: Foram coletados 641 indivíduos das cinco espécies de peixes, 292 na área NC e 349 na RS. No total 24 itens alimentares foram consumidos pelos peixes em NC e 22 em RS. A rede de interação peixe-alimento apresentou padrão aninhado nas duas áreas avaliadas, demonstrando a estrutura generalista desta interação. Os valores de conectância e grau médio da rede de interação foram baixos. Detrito foi o item mais consumido nas duas áreas avaliadas. Três das cinco espécies avaliadas (A. lacustris, S. nasutus e I. labrosus) tiveram ração residual em suas dietas. Ração foi o quarto item mais consumido na área NC, sendo o mais frequente em indivíduos de A. lacustris e S. nasutus.

Conclusões: Os nossos resultados mostram que a atividade de piscicultura usando tanques-rede pode influenciar as interações tróficas dos sistemas aquáticos, bem como, demonstram a habilidade de S. nasutus, L. labrosus e A. lacustris em consumirem o novo item alimentar inserido no ambiente.
 

Palavras-chave

piscicultura, reservatório Chavantes, interações ecológicas, teleósteos

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