Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X10320
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Phytoplankton functional groups in shallow aquatic ecosystems from the semiarid region of Brazil

Grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos em ecossistemas aquáticos rasos na região semiárida do Brasil

Klivia Rilavia Paiva da Silva; José Etham de Lucena Barbosa; Lucineide Maria Santana; Luciana Gomes Barbosa

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Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: The study analyzed the potential use of the phytoplankton functional groups as an environmental bioindicator in aquatic ecosystems of Brazilian semiarid region.

Methods: Using data collected over five years of a natural lagoon and two reservoirs, we evaluate the relationship between functional groups and environmental conditions through the multivariate approach. The Q index was applied to assess ecological status in these ecosystems.

Results: In Panati, the temporary and natural lagoon, the partial habitat desiccation and presence of macrophytes reflected in the less nutrients concentrations and phytoplankton composition, with high biomass of coccoids Chlorophyceae, diatoms and desmids (functional groups J, MP and N, respectively). Taperoá and Soledade reservoirs presented high cyanobacteria contribution, however the biomass and contribution of cyanobacteria in Taperoá (SN, S1) were lower than in Soledade. In this reservoir, cyanobacteria were more abundant, alternating in dominance (LO, M, LM, SN, S1). According to tendencies revealed by Redundancy Analysis (RDA), the main driving abiotic factors on the phytoplankton functional groups were pH, nutrients and light availability. As expected, phytoplankton composition directly influenced the Q index result, showing mostly bad to tolerable conditions in Soledade, medium to good in Taperoá and good to excellent in Panati.

Conclusions: The Q index was a good tool to assess the water quality and ecological status in aquatic ecosystems from the Brazilian semiarid region, reflecting the influence of natural control mechanisms on the harmful cyanobacteria blooms in temporary ecosystems.

Keywords

cyanobacteria dominance, reservoirs, physical disturbances, Q index, water quality

Resumo

Resumo:

Objetivo: O estudo analisou o potencial uso dos grupos funcionais do fitoplâncton como bioindicador ambiental em ecossistemas aquáticos do semiárido brasileiro.

Métodos: Usando dados coletados de uma lagoa natural e dois reservatórios ao longo de cinco anos, avaliamos a relação entre grupos funcionais e condições ambientais por meio de uma abordagem multivariada. O índice Q foi aplicado para avaliar o estado ecológico desses ecossistemas.

Resultados: Em Panati, uma lagoa temporária e natural, a dessecação parcial do habitat e presença de macrófitas aquáticas refletiram nas menores concentrações de nutrientes e na composição do fitoplâncton, com alta biomassa de Chlorophyceae cocóides, diatomáceas e desmídias (grupos funcionais J, MP e N, respectivamente). Os reservatórios Taperoá e Soledade apresentaram alta contribuição de cianobactérias, no entanto a biomassa e a contribuição de cianobactérias em Taperoá (SN, S1) foram menores do que em Soledade. Nesse reservatório, as cianobactérias foram mais abundantes, alternando em dominância (LO, M, LM, SN, S1). De acordo com as tendências reveladas pela análise de redundância (RDA), os principais fatores abióticos atuantes sobre a estrutura dos grupos funcionais do fitoplâncton foram o pH, os nutrientes e a disponibilidade de luz. Como esperado, a composição do fitoplâncton influenciou diretamente o resultado do índice Q, mostrando condições ruins a toleráveis em Soledade, médias a boas em Taperoá e boas a excelentes em Panati.

Conclusões: O índice Q mostrou-se uma boa ferramenta para avaliar a qualidade da água e o estado ecológico de ecossistemas aquáticos do semiárido brasileiro, refletindo a influência de mecanismos naturais de controle sobre o florescimento de cianobactérias prejudiciais em ecossistemas temporários.
 

Palavras-chave

dominância de cianobactéria, reservatórios, distúrbios físicos, índice Q, qualidade de água

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Submitted date:
10/23/2020

Accepted date:
09/07/2021

Publication date:
10/11/2021

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