Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X1026
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Zooplankton in heterogeneous tropical wetlands: patterns of richness and composition on Marajó Island (brazilian Amazon)

Zooplâncton em áreas úmidas tropicais heterogêneas: padrões de riqueza e composição na Ilha do Marajó (Amazônia brasileira)

Larissa Araújo dos Santos; Ana Paula e Silva da Conceição; Matteus Marinho; Leandro Juen; Thaisa Sala Michelan; Francieli de Fátima Bomfim

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X1026 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.38, e27, 2026
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Abstract

Aim: Freshwater ecosystems, particularly those in the tropical region, hold substantial ecological and economic importance. However, several gaps remain regarding specific communities, such as the zooplanktonic. Here, we surveyed the zooplankton species of Marajó Island, Amazon, and assessed which environmental variables structure zooplankton diversity in ponds and streams.

Methods: Sampling was conducted in November 2022 and June 2023 across 43 freshwater environments, comprising 22 ponds and 21 streams. Measurements included zooplankton, pH, temperature (°C), electrical conductivity (µS/cm), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), canopy cover (%), depth (cm), and water flow (s).

Results: We recorded 101 taxa (53 rotifers, 38 cladocerans, and 10 copepods), with specific taxa occurring in streams and ponds. However, species richness and composition did not differ between ponds and streams. Temperature and pH significantly influenced species composition and were positively related with Lecane bulla, Beauchampiella eudactylota, and Moina minuta. Temperature and conductivity increased zooplankton richness.


Conclusions: Overall, our findings reveal high zooplankton diversity in both systems (ponds and streams) and similar species composition between them. This pattern may highlight high dispersal rates (mass effects), which override local environmental filters in highly dynamic tropical environments. Future research, including seasonal dynamics and hydrological fluctuations, will be essential to fully understand the ecological processes governing zooplankton communities in heterogeneous systems such as those on Marajó Island.

Keywords

tropical freshwaters; environmental gradients; physicochemical drivers; ponds and streams

Resumo

Objetivo: Os ecossistemas de água doce, particularmente os da região tropical, têm grande importância ecológica e econômica. No entanto, ainda existem diversas lacunas em relação a comunidades específicas, como o zooplâncton. Neste estudo, investigamos as espécies de zooplâncton da Ilha de Marajó, na Amazônia, avaliando quais variáveis ambientais estruturam a diversidade do zooplâncton em lagoas e riachos.

Métodos: A amostragem foi realizada em novembro de 2022 e em junho de 2023, totalizando 43 ambientes de água doce, abrangendo 22 lagoas e 21 riachos. As medições incluíram zooplâncton, pH, temperatura (°C), condutividade elétrica (µS/cm), oxigênio dissolvido (mg/L), cobertura de dossel (%), profundidade (cm) e fluxo da água (s).

Resultados: Registramos 101 táxons (53 rotíferos, 38 cladóceros e 10 copépodes), com ocorrência de táxons específicos em riachos e lagoas. Contudo, a riqueza e a composição de espécies não diferiram entre lagoas e riachos. A temperatura e o pH influenciaram a composição de espécies e apresentaram correlações positivas com Lecane bulla, Beauchampiella eudactylota e Moina minuta. A temperatura e a condutividade aumentaram a riqueza do zooplâncton.

Conclusões: De modo geral, nossos dados revelam uma alta diversidade de zooplâncton em ambos os sistemas (lagoas e riachos) e composição de espécies similar entre eles. Esse padrão pode destacar altas taxas de dispersão (efeitos de massa), que sobrepõe os filtros ambientais locais em ambientes tropicais altamente dinâmicos. Pesquisas futuras, incluindo dinâmicas sazonais e flutuações hidrológicas, serão essenciais para a compreensão completa dos processos ecológicos que regem as comunidades de zooplâncton em sistemas heterogêneos como os da Ilha de Marajó.

Palavras-chave

 águas doces tropicais; gradientes ambientais; fatores físico-químicos; lagoas e riachos

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Submitted date:
02/09/2026

Accepted date:
09/22/2026

Publication date:
10/27/2026

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