Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X1023
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Reproductive aspects of an isolated population of Psalidodon aff. fasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) from southern Brazil

Aspectos reprodutivos em uma população isolada de Psalidodon aff. fasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) do sul do Brasil

Franciele Fernanda Kerniske; Luz Elena De la Ossa-Guerra; Roger Henrique Dalcin; Igor de Paiva Affonso; Roberto Ferreira Artoni; Vinícius Abilhoa

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Abstract

Aim: To investigate reproductive characteristics in a small population of Psalidodon aff. fasciatus living in isolation in an environment with a unique geological configuration, a doline-shaped depression (known as Furna 2), with a mean diameter of 80 m and water depth of 50 m, a natural heritage of the Vila Velha State Park (VVSP).

Methods: The fish were collected between February 2019 and January 2020 using nets and pots; standard length and total weight were measured. The gonads were also removed for histological analysis. Estimates were made for the weight-length ratio, the relative condition factor, the sex ratio, and the size at first maturity (L50 and L95) for males and females.

Results: The five gonadal stages that were characterized (resting, early mature, mature, partially empty, and totally empty) were consistent with what was expected for the species. The results obtained here indicate that these lambaris have an opportunistic (r) life strategy. Compared to previous studies, we discovered that fish of this population start maturing at smaller sizes. Indicating negative allometric growth, the length-weight ratio was WT = 0.0002 * LT2.3039, and the condition index (Kn = 0.95) showed no significant gender differences. When compared to other non-isolated populations of the same species, the population's sex ratio showed an unexpectedly significant male predominance (1M: 0.6 F).

Conclusions: Our results show an imbalance in the sex ratio, contrary to what would be expected for non-isolated populations. This imbalance may be related to the complete isolation of this environment, suggesting that females may be affected by some evolutionary force, such as inbreeding. However, other factors cannot be ruled out, as the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unknown, and only future investigations can reveal a more complete understanding of reproduction in isolated populations.

Keywords

lambari, reproduction, sex ratio, gonads, inbreeding

Resumo

Objetivo: Investigar caracteres reprodutivos em uma pequena população natural de Psalidodon aff. fasciatus que está isolada em um ambiente com rara configuração geológica, uma depressão em forma de dolina (conhecida como Furna 2), com diâmetro médio de 80 m e lâmina d'água de 50 m, patrimônio natural do Parque Estadual de Vila Velha.

Métodos: Os peixes foram coletados entre fevereiro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020 com redes e covos; foram determinados o comprimento padrão e o peso total, além da remoção das gônadas para análises histológicas. Também, foram estimadas a relação peso-comprimento, o fator de condição relativo, a proporção sexual e o tamanho da primeira maturação (L50 e L95) para machos e fêmeas.

Resultados: Caracterizamos cinco estádios de desenvolvimento gonadal: repouso, maduro inicial, maduro, parcialmente vazio e totalmente vazio, não diferindo do esperado para a espécie. Os resultados aqui obtidos indicam que esses lambaris possuem estratégia de vida do tipo oportunística (r). Comparado a estudos anteriores, descobrimos que os peixes desta população começam a amadurecer em tamanhos menores. Indicando crescimento alométrico negativo, a relação peso-comprimento foi WT = 0.0002 * LT2.3039, e o fator de condição (Kn = 0.95) não diferiu significativamente entre os sexos. A proporção sexual revelou uma predominância significativa e inesperada de machos (1M: 0,6 F) dentro da população, e também quando comparada com outras populações não isoladas da mesma espécie.

Conclusões: Nossos resultados revelam um desequilíbrio na proporção sexual, contrastando com o esperado para a espécie em condições de não isolamento. Esse desequilíbrio pode estar relacionado ao isolamento completo desse ambiente, sugerindo que as fêmeas podem estar sendo afetadas por alguma força evolutiva, como a endogamia. No entanto, não podem ser descartados outros fatores, pois, os mecanismos genéticos subjacentes permanecem ainda desconhecidos, somente investigações futuras poderão revelar uma compreensão mais completa da reprodução em populações isoladas.
 

Palavras-chave

lambari, reprodução, razão sexual, gônadas, endogamia

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Submitted date:
02/08/2023

Accepted date:
08/16/2023

Publication date:
10/10/2023

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