Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X1021
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Spatial and temporal variation of the macrophyte assemblage in Santo Tomás, a wetland in the Caribbean Colombian

Variação espacial e temporal da assembleia de macrófitas aquáticas em Santo Tomás, uma área alagável no Caribe Colombiano

María Isabel Pozo-García; José Andrés Posada-García; Aracelly Caselles-Osorio

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X1021 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.34, e22, 2022
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Abstract

Abstract:: Aim: The associated flood events to floodplain of many rivers in the world affect the composition and structure of aquatic biota due the water levels variation can ensure ecological integrity of associated wetlands. This study describes the spatial and temporal variation in the macrophyte assemblage in the Santo Tomás wetland during seasonally flood-pulsed of the Magdalena River (North of Colombia).

Methods: For eight months, between 2017 and 2018 samplings were carried out in three stations for composition and abundance of aquatic macrophytes. Spatio-temporal pattern of richness was estimated with Chao methodology and vegetation cover was calculated using Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney tests. A range abundance curve was used for species dominance between samplings and stations. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) was used to analyze the Spatio-temporal distribution, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (ACC) was performed to relate the physicochemical variables to the species composition.

Results: A total of 24 species of aquatic plants distributed in 23 genera and 15 families were registered in the transects. The most abundant species (% of vegetation cover) were Ipomoea aquatica (19%), followed by Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (14%) and Eichhornia azurea (13%). The most frequent life form was free-floating, followed by the emergent one. The Spatio-temporal changes and the highest values of richness and vegetation cover in the Santo Tomás wetlands occurred during the filling and high waters period. L. helminthorrhiza, E. azurea, Pistia stratiotes, Neptunia oleracea, I. aquatica, Salvinia auriculata, and Hymenachne amplexicaulis were the most dominant species. The quality water of Santo Tomás Wetlands showed spatial and temporal variations during flooding pulse and some physicochemical variables such as organic matter (COD, BOD5), pH, depth, ammonia, and fecal coliforms were related to macrophyte community composition

Conclusions: Spatial and temporal changes of aquatic plants in Santo Tomás wetlands were related to the flooding pulse of Magdalena River.

Keywords

physicochemical conditions, diversity, seasonal pulsing

Resumo

Resumo:: Objetivo: Os eventos de inundação associados às planícies de inundação de muitos rios do mundo afetam a composição e estrutura da biota aquática, pois a variação do nível de água pode garantir a integridade ecológica das áreas úmidas associadas. O objetivo do presente é descrever a variação espacial e temporal na composição da assembleia de macrófitas aquáticas em uma área alagável em Santo Tomás durante um período de inundação no rio Magdalena (norte da Colômbia).

Métodos: Nós avaliamos a composição e abundância da comunidade de macrófitas aquáticas em três estações de coleta no rio Magdalena mensalmente durante 8 meses entre 2017 e 2018. Nós estimamos a variação espaço-temporal da comunidade usando o método Chao e a cobertura vegetal usando os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e U Mann-Whitney. Uma curva de abundância de classificação foi usada para a dominância das espécies entre os meses de amostragem e as estações. Uma escala não métrica multidimensional (nMDS) foi utilizada para analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal e a análise de correspondência canônica (CCA) foi realizada para estudar a relação entre a composição das espécies de macrófitas e as variáveis físico-químicas da água.

Resultados: Nos transectos foi registrado um total de 24 espécies de plantas aquáticas distribuídas em 23 gêneros e 15 famílias. A espécie mais abundante (% de cobertura vegetal) foi Ipomoea aquatica (19%), seguida por Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (14%) e Eichhornia azurea (13%). Espécies flutuantes e emergentes foram observadas com mais frequência. As mudanças espaço-temporais e os maiores valores de riqueza e cobertura de macrófitas aquáticas nas zonas úmidas de Santo Tomás ocorreram durante a estação das chuvas. As espécies mais dominantes foram L. helminthorrhiza, E. azurea, Pistia stratiotes, Neptunia oleracea, I. aquatica, Salvinia auriculata e Hymenachne amplexicaulis. A qualidade da água apresentou variações espaciais e temporais durante o pulso de inundação, e algumas variáveis como matéria orgânica (DOQ, DBO5), pH, profundidade, amônia e coliformes fecais foram relacionados à composição da comunidade de macrófitas.

Conclusões: Em suma nós concluímos que o pulso de inundação do rio Magdalena influenciou a composição das plantas aquáticas nas zonas úmidas de Santo Tomás.
 

Palavras-chave

condições físico-químicas, diversidade, pulsação sazonal

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